pathology gi
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- What is the most common disaccharide deficiency leading to malabsorption?
- lactase => milk intolerance
- Fundal gastritis (type A) is characterized by 4 A's, what are they?
- Autoimmune disorder with Autoantibodies to parietal cells, pernicious Anemia, Achlorydia
- Antral gastritis (Type B) is caused by:
- a Bug, H. Pylori infection
- Both forms of gastritis carry an increased risk of what?
- Gastric carinoma
- 2 etiologic agents underlying gastric ulcers are:
- H. pylori (70%) and NSAID's
- Degeneration of what leads to gastric ulcers?
- Gastric mucosal protection v. gastric acid
- Does the pain of a gastric ulcer increase or decrease with meals?
- Increases => weight loss
- One etiologic agent underlies duodenal ulcers - what is it?
- H. pylori (100%)
- 2 pathogenic mechanisms are thought to lead to development of duodenal ulcer - what are they?
- Increased gastric acid secretion and decreased mucosal protection
- What tends to hypertrophy with duodenal ulcers?
- Bruenner's glands
- The margins of a doudenal ulcer are:
- clean and punched out
- The 4 common complications of of duodenal ulcers are:
- bleeding, penetration, perforation, and obstruction (not necessarily pre-cancerous)
- Does the pain of a duodenal ulcer increase or decrease with meals?
- Decreases => weight gain
- How is H.pylori infection treated?
- triple therapy (metronidazole, bismuth salicylate, amoxocillin or tetracycline) with or without proton pump inhibitor
- Does smoking effect peptic ulcer development?
- Yes, it is 2x as common in smokers
- The possible etiology of Crohn's disease is:
- Infectious
- The location and lesion type of Crohn's disease is:
- Skip lesions in any portion of GI tract, usually terminal ileum, SI, and colon. Rectal sparing.
- Gross Morphological features (6) of Crohn's disease are:
- Transmural inflammation, cobblestone mucosa, creeping fat, bowel wall tickening (string sign on x-ray), linear ulcers, and fissure. (FAT OLD CRONE SKIPPING DOWN A COBBLESTONE ROAD)
- The microscopic morphological features of Crohn's disease are:
- non-caseating granulomas
- The four major complications of Crohn's disease are:
- Strictures, fistulas, perianal diease, malabsorption leading to nutritional depletion.
- Two major extraintestinal manifestations associated with Chron's disease are:
- migratory polyarthritis and erythema nodosum
- The possible etiology of UC is:
- autoimmune
- Location and lesion type of UC is:
- continuous lesions of colon with rectal involvement
- The two gross morphological features of UC are:
- mucosal inflammation, friable mucosal pseudopolyps with freely hanging mesentery.
- The microscopic morphological features of UC are:
- crypt abcesses, ulcers
- 3 severe complications of UC are:
- severe stenosis, toxic megacolon, and colorectal carcinoma
- Two major extraintestinal manifestations associated with UC are:
- pyoderma gangrenosum, sclerosing cholangitis