path- resp 4
Terms
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- define restrictive pulmonary disease
- reduced expansion of the lungs, reduction in total lung capacity
- name the 3 major categories of restrictive pulmonary causes
- bony abnormalities, neuromuscular disease, interstitial lung disease
- name at least 5 subtypes of interstitial lung disease
- ARDS, NRDS, pneumoconioses, sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, SLE, scleroderma, Wegener granulomatosis
- what happens in ARDS and name 5 of 10 causes
- diffuse alveolar damage leads to protein rich fluid into alveoli, causes: shock, sepsis, trauma, uremia, gastric aspiration, acute pancreatitis, chlorine, oxygen toxicity, bleomycin, SARS
- what are the symptoms of NRDS
- dyspnea, cyanosis, tachypnea
- what type of cells secrete surfactant, what is surfactant made of
- type II pneumoctyes, lecithin dipalmitoyl
- what are the predisposing factors of NRDS, what are the associated complications
- prematurity, diabetes mellitus, cesarean section, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, patent ductus arteriousus, brain hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis
- what are the 4 pneumoconioses
- anthracosis, coal workers pneumoconiosis, silicosis, asbestosis
- what is the offending dust particle in anthracosis and is it harmful
- carbon in urban areas, no harm
- what is the offending dust particle in coal workers pneumoconiosis, name the two types, name the pathological hallmark, and is it harmful
- "coal dust, simple and progressive massive fibrosis, coal macules around bronchioles for simple, fibrotic nodules with black fluid for progressive, simple is inconsequential, progressive can cause bronchiectasis and pulm hyper
- what is the offending particle in silicosis, name the 3 populations at risk, what the pathological hallmark is, and is it harmful
- silicone, miners, glass manufacturers, stone cutters, silicotic nodules, the nodules can eventually block the airway, increased susceptibility to TB
- which part of the lung does asbestos affect and how
- lower lobes, diffuse interstitial fibrosis
- what is the pathological hallmark of asbestosis
- ferruginous bodies (yellow brown rod with clubbed ends stain positive with prussian blue)
- what two cancers can asbestos cause
- bronchogenic cancer, malignant mesothelioma
- what is the pathology of sarcoidosis
- noncaseating granulomas
- what ethnic group and age does sarcoidosis effect
- african lineage and young adult
- name 3 symptoms and 2 lab abnormatlities of sarcoidosis
- bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, interstitial lung disease, erythema nodosum, polyarthritis, hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, increased serum angiotensin converting enzyme
- name the morphological change invovled with eosinophilic granuloma and the syndrome its associated with
- birbeck granules (tennis racket), histiocytosis X syndrome
- Pulmonary hypertension: is primary or secondary more common, what is the most common cause of both
- secondary is more common, COPD causes secondary the most, primary is always idiopathic