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mcat organic chemistry aromatic compounds chapter 6

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aromatic is any ________ system
unusually stable ring
aromatics are cyclic, ________ polyenes that have 4n +2 pi electr
conjugated
aliphatic are all compounds that?
are not aromatic
t or f
aromatic comp need to be planar
t
huckels rule
4n+2 Pi electrons
n can be any nonneg integ
t or f
neutr comp, anions, and cations can all be aromatic
t
antiaromatic is a?
cyclic conjug polyene that has 4n electr.
its destabl
a cyclic conj polyene that has 4n elect is?
destabilized
toluene is?
a benzene ring with ch3 attached
phenol is
a benzene ring with an oh gr
aniline is?
benzene with NH2 attached
anisole is?
benzene with OCH3 attach
benzene with OCH3 attach is?
anisole
benzene with CH3 attach is?
toluene
aromatic compd are called?
aryl, or arenes
Ar represents?
aromatic comp
aliphatic comp are called?
alkyl
aliphatic comp are repres by?
R
when the benzene gr is a subst its called?
phenyl group
a toluent molec subst at methyl posit is?
benzyl
benzyl refers to?
a toluene molec subst at methyl posit
susbst benzene rings
1,2 disubst is called?
ortho
benezene
1,3 disubst is called
meta, m
benzene
1,4 disubst comp is called?
para,p
name 4 examples of polycyclic and heterocyclic aromatic compd
napthalene
anthracene
pyridine
pyrrole
pyridine
the nonbond electr pair of the n is in a nitrog __________ orbital
sp2
pyridine
the nonbond electr pair of the N is in an sp2 orbital that is oriented how ?
perp to the p orbitals around the ring and is not involv in the conjug pi system
pyridine is
acidic
basic
pyrid is basic
T or F
pyrrole is acidic
T
Pyrrole
the lone pair onthe pyrrole nitrogen is locked into?
ring struct
T or F
the phys prop of arom comp are simil to oth hydrocarbons
t
aromaticity greatly affects the ____________ prop
chemic
benzene
the rings six pi orbit overlap to ?
delocal the electr density
benzene
all six c are ______________ hybridized
sp2
the delocal electrons form a
"pi electr cloud"
benzene
the pi electr clouds are locat?
above and below the ring
benzene is relativ?
unreact
most imp react of aromatic comp is?
electroph aromatic subst
electr aromatic subst
an electrophile replaces a?
proton to prod a subst aromatic compd
most common examples of electrophilic arom subst?
halogenation
sulfonation
nitration
acylation
electr aromat subst
halogenation
arom ring react with _____________ in presence of __________
br, cl
in pres of lewis acid like FeCL3, FeBr3, AlCl3
Name 3 lewis acids
FeCl3, FeBr3, AlCl3
FeCl3, FeBr3, and AlCl3 are all?
lewis acids
Elec ar sub
why is react w fl and I not useful?
fl - multisubst
I- not react enough, needs spec condit
elect ar sub
halogenation
react with I needs?
special conditions
bezene + Br2 ----> monosubst benzene ring
what are reagents?
FeBr3, heat
electr arom subst
Sulfonation
what are reagents?
fuming sulfuric acid (SO3/H2SO4)
SO3 is?
sulfor trioxide
H2SO4 is
sulfuric acid
benzene --------> sulfonic acid
what are reagents?
SO3/H2SO4, heat
arom electr subst
sulfonation
end result is a ?
benzene ring with a SO3H on it.
ar electr subst
nitration
what are the reagents?
nitric and sulfuric acids
nitration
a mixt of nitric and sulfuric acids is used to create?
NO2+
NO2+ is used in ?
nitration
t or f
NO2+ is a strong ?
electrophile
benzene with reagents H2SO4 and HNO3 yields?
a benzene ring with NO2 on it.
acylation is also called?
friedel-crafts reactions
CH3(C=O)Cl is used for?
acylation
friedal- crafts reactions
in acylation (friedayl crafts reaction) a __________ in incorportated into the aromatic ring
acyl group
what catalyzes the acylation of an arom compound?
lewis acid
t or f
lewis acid like AlCl3 can be used in acylation
t
friedal crafts acylation and _______________ can occur
alkylation
why is friedal crafts alkylation not useful?
bec the prod are attacked faster than the starting material
aromatic
subst effects dep on ?
gr tends to donate or withdraw electr dens
and how it does so
substit effect what are the 3 categories?
1. activat- ortho/para direct
2. deactiv- ortho/para direct
3. deact- meta direct subst
subst effects
activating ortho/para direct subst are ___________ donating
electron
NH2, NR2, OH, NHCOR, OR, OCOR, and R are?
activat, ortho para direct subst
what subst are activ , ortho/para direct subst?
NH2, NR2, OH, NHCOR, OR, OCOR, and R.
activat , ortho/para direct substit are electr?
donating
NH2, NR2, OH, NHCOR, OR, OCOR, and R have what kind of subst effect?
activ, ortho, para
F,CL, Br, and I do what as subst effect?
deact, ortho/para direct
t or f
f,cl, br, and I are weakly electr withdraw
t
subst eff
NH2 is?
activ, ortho/para direct
subst eff
what are activ, ortho/para dir subst?
NH2, NR2, OH, NHCOR, OR, OCOR, and R
subst eff
NHCOR?
activ, ortho/para direct
NO2, SO3H, and carbonyl compounds have what subst eff?
deact, meta direct
electr withdrawing
what subst are deact, meta direct subst?
NO2, SO3H, COOH, COOR, COR, and CHO
CHO has what subst eff?
deact, meta direct
subst eff
activat are ___________ directing
ortho/para
halogens are exceptions, alth they are e- withdraw and deactiv, they are?
ortho/para directors
toluene
electr arom subst
the methyl gr will direct towards?
ortho/para
benzene can be reduced by?
catalyic hydrogenation w/high press and temp
ruthenium, rhodium on carbon are used.
H2, Rh/C, 100 C will be used for?
reduction of benzene

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