- What structures make up the respiratory system?
- Upper
Nose & Nasal Cavity
Paranasal Sinuses
Pharynx
Lower
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs
- diaphragm provides necessary change in thoracic volume in waht?
- diaphragmatic breathing
- how many pulmonary arteries and veins are there for each lung?
- 2 veins, one artery
- stimulation of what dilates bronchioles and reduces mucous secretion?
- Postganglionic sympathetic neurons from thoracic & cervical sympathetic trunk
- stimulation of whatconstricts bronchioles and increases mucous secretion?
- Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons from Vagus n.
- the thoracic volume changes because the rib cage changes shape in what?
- costal breathing
- what adheres to the lungs surface?
- Visceral pleura
- what are external nares?
- outer openings where air usually enters
- what are false folds?
- Vestibular folds
NOT involved in voice production
Protect delicate vocal folds (keep foreign objects out)
- what are lungs composed of?
- alveolar sacs & capillary beds
- what are paranasal sinuses involved in?
- voice resonance & decrease skull weight
- what are some non-respiratory functions of the respiratory system?
- olfaction, production of sounds, defending of respiratory system, assisting the regulation of blood volume/pressure
- what are Structures in which gas exchange occurs
apart of? - the repiratory portion of the respiratory system
- what are the 3 paired parts of the larynx?
- Arytenoids (attachment for vocal folds), Cuneiform (w/in aryepiglotic fold), and Corniculate (articulate w/ arytenoids and help open and close glottis and the production of sound)
- what are the 3 parts of the external nose?
- bony framework, cartilidgenous framerwork, external nares
- what are the 3 Structures in Hilum and Lung Root?
- Pulmonary aa
Pulmonary vv
Bronchi
- what are the 3 unpaired parts of the larynx?
- Epiglottis (closes off the larynx while swallowing), Thyroid cartilage (Largest, forms laryngeal prominence), and Cricoid cartilage (C6, or tracheostomy)
- what are the contents of the oropharynx?
- Fauces - throat
Uvula
Palatine & lingual tonsils
- what are the main functions of the larynx?
- Connects pharynx with trachea
Sound production
- what are the three divisions of the pharynx?
- Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, laryngopharynx
- what are true folds?
- vocal cords
- what bones contain paranasal sinuses?
- frontal, maxilla, sphenoid, ethmoid
- what Divides nasal cavity into right and left halves?
- the nasal septum
- what does the nasopharynx contain?
- Eustacian tube openings
Pharyngeal tonsils
Exclusively respiratory function
- what is a turbinate?
- Bone covered by mucous membrane
- what is the conduction poriton of the respiratory system?
- Interconnected tubes that conduct air to and from the lungs
- what is the Doorway for structures to enter & exit called?
- hilum
- what is the main part of the laryngopharynx?
- esophagus
- what is the portion of the nasal cavity enclosed by the flexible tissues of the nose called?
- the vestibule
- what is the Space b/t parietal & visceral pleurae
- pleural cavity
- what muscles are used in forced expiration?
- abdominal and internal intercostals
- what muscles are used in forced inspiraton?
- diaphragm, external intercostals, SCM, perctoralis minor, serratus anterior, scalenes
- what muscles are used in normal expiration?
- none
- what muscles move the larynx as a whole unit e.g., to elevate the larynx during swallowing & close epiglottis
- extrinsic
- what muscles move the parts of the larynx relative to one another; regulate the length and tension of the vocal cords, and open and close the glottis regulating airflow?
- intrinsic
- what musclesare used in normal inspiration?
- diaphragm and external intercostals
- what part of the bronchial tree delivers air to the exchange surface of the lung?
- respiratory bronchioles
- what part of the bronchial tree gives air to a single pulmonary lobule?
- terminal bronchioles
- what part of the bronchila tree has not cartilidge in the walls?
- bronchioles
- what Relies on diaphragm & a small contribution from External intercostals?
- quiet inspiration
- what Relies on External Intercostal mm. & others?
- forced inspiration
- what Requires muscle contraction to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity and produce a pressure gradient?
- inspiration
- what\'s the space between true folds
- glottis
- where does gas exchange occur?
- alveoli of lungs
- why is the parietal pluera senstive to pain?
- it is innervated by SANs carried by the intercostal and phrenic nerves
- why is the visceral pluera insensitive to pain?
- it receives no somatic sensory neurons
