Westminster phys-75 Pituitary
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
-
The adenohypophysis is what?
The neurohyphoytsis is what? -
adeno=anterior pituitary
neuro=posterior pituitary - Anterior pituitary embryological origin?
- Rathke's pouch
- 6 anterior pituitary peptide hormones?
-
GH
LH, FSH
TSH
ACTH
Prolactin - 2 posterior pituitary hormones?
- ADH, Oxytocin
- somatotropes secrete?
-
GH
40% of ant pit tissue - corticotropes secrete?
-
ACTH
20% of ant pit tissue - thyrotropes secrete?
- TSH
- gonadotropes secrete
-
gonaotrophic hormones which are
Leutinizing hormone and
FSH - lactotrophes secrete
- prolactin
-
acidophils?
acidophilic tumor? -
somatotrophes
lots of GH secreted - magnocellular neurons are where?
- paraventricular and supraoptic regions of hypothalamus
-
What controls the release of hormones from the post pit?
FROM THE ANT PIT? -
ant -nerves and hormones
post-just nerves - the hypophoseal portal system is the delivery system to what part of the pituitary?
- anterior
-
GHrH and GHiH are from where?
GHiH aka? -
hypothalamus
somatastatin - PIH from where? Function?
- hypothalamus, PIH inhibits the release of prolactin from the ant. pit.
- somatotropes secrete GH (aka somatotropin) which does what? 4
-
stimulates:
body growth
secretion of IGF-1
lypolosis
inhibits the action of insulin on carbohydrate and fat metabolism - corticotropes secrete ACTH (aka cortotropin) which does what? 2
-
-stimulates production of glucocorticoids and androgens by the adrenal cortex.
-maintains the size of zona reticularis and fasciulata of the adrenal cortex. - thyrotropes secrete TSH (aka thyrotropin) which does what? 2
-
stimulates the production of thyroid hormones (T3/T4) by thyroid follices.
-it maintains the size of the cells (deficiency of iodine=increase in cell size) - gonadotropes secrete FSH and LH which do what?
-
FSH-stimultates the production of ovarian follices and regulates spermatogenesis in the testes
LD-causes ovulation and formation of the corpus leuteum as well as production of progesterone and estrogen in the ovaries, testosterone in the testes. - Lactotropes and mamotropes secrete prolactin which does what?
- stimulates milk secretion and production
- Which hypothalmic releasing factors are inhibitory?
- PIH and GHiH (somatastatin)
- Which 2 hormones have an effect on most all tissues of the body?
- GH and thyroid hormone
- somatotropic hormone (GH) metabolic effects? 5
-
-increased rate of protien synthesis in the cells (enhances protien depositionGH
-increased mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue
-increased serum Free FA's and usage
-a decreased utilization of glucose thoughout the body
GH ENHANCES PROTIEN/FAT USE AND CONSERVES CARBOHYDRATES - GH enhances? 6
-
-protien deposition
-AA transport through cell membranes
-RNA translation
-increased nuclear transcription-forms RNA
-decreased protien catabolism
FA's to Acetyl Coa-energyGH -
GH promotes the use of ________ for energy?
This can lead to __________ -
fats and protiens
ketogenesis, fatty liver - GH's effect's on serum glucose and insulin?
- both increased
- type 2 diabetics are _________ by insulin.
- not as affected, they have a sor of insulin resistance.
- For GH to be effective you nust have ? (2)
- insulin and carbohydrates
- GH affects what part of bone growth?
- the long bone. increases osteoblasts.
- GH, what lack of mediators cause dwarfs/pygmies?
- IGF-I (somatomedin C)
- GH secretion increased by? 5
-
starvation
hypoglycemia
low FA's
excitement
trauma - protien deficiency in children?
- kwashiokor
- GH pathway?
- GHRH-adenyl cyclase-cAMP-Ca= channels-GH release
- The major controlling factor of GH release is?
- the overall state of the nutrition of the tissues, especially protien nutrition.
- a decrease in secretion of all of the anterior pituitary hormones is called?
- panhypophopituitaryism
- a generalized decrease of all of the anterior pituitary hormones in childhood leads to?
-
dwarfism-all parts are in propotion, but the overall rate of growth is decreased.
panhypophopituitary dwarfism-no puberty (30%)
african pygmy/leon lehi-not enough igf-i/somatomedian c - acidophilic cells of the anterior pituitary become excessively active-dz's?
-
gigantism-before plates fuse
acromegaly-after plates fuse, only the membranoeous bone and tissues continues to grow.(kyphosis, organomegaly) -
supraoptic hormone?
controlled by? -
ADH (vasoprossin)
-osmoreceptors (regulated by the osmosis)
dilute-inhibition
concentrated-stimulation - paraventricular hormone?
- oxytocin
- ADH/oxytocin similarities/differences?
-
polypeptides with 9 AA's
changes is postition 3/8 - No ADH has what effect?
-
we lose salt and water
hyperkalemia
volume loss/shock
dilute urine - oxytyocin effects?
-
-contraction of the pregnant uterus
-milk ejection (letdown) - Other affectors of ADH? 2
-
atrial stretch receptors (inhibit)
carotid/aortic receptors (stimulate)