Vitamins and functions
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
-
Retinoids
(Vit A) - Visual pigment of Rhodopsin. Retinoic acid regulates cell differentiation. Embryogenesis, postnatal growth. Reproductive function.
- Vit D
- Vit D3 (cholecalciferol) formed by action of UV radiation in skin. 25-Hydroxylation (in liver)and 1-hydroxylation (In kidney). Rate limiting is in kidney. by PTH and hypophasphatemia
-
Tocopherol
Vit E - Not well understood. Antioxidant activity, 1st line of defense against lipid peroxidation.
- Vit K
- Carboxyglutamate is formed in liver and occupies region on 5 blood clotting factors, Ca++ chelators
-
Ascorbic Acid
(Vit C) - Reducing agent. Hydroxylation rxns. Ex: Hydroxyproline/lysine in collagen. Reduce methenoglobin Tyrosine hydroxylated in rate limiting step of cateciolamine syn. G-6-P can for L-Ascorbic Acid
-
Cobalamine (B12)
(most complex) - Methylcobalamine and 5’ deoxyadenosylcobalamine are coenzyes. One regenerated THF. Transfer H groups.
- Folic Acid (B9)
- Converted to Tetrahydrofolate (THF) by dihydrofolate reductase. The transfers 1 carbon unit. Synthesis of purine Nucleotides and Thymine.
- Pyridoxine (B6)
- Prosthetic group for A.A. metabolism. Heme biosynthesis of Neuro Transmitters.Move nitrogen or amino groups (glutomate)
- Pantothenic Acid (B5)
- Constituent of CoA
- Biotin (B4)
- Prosthetic group of metabolic enzymes catalyzing carboxylation rxn.
- Niacin (B3)
- Part of universal electron carriers NAD+/NADH
- Riboflavin (B2)
- Part of FMN and FAD (coenzyme)
- Thiamine (B1)
- Precursor of Thiamine Pyrophosphate. A coenzyme of pyruvate dehydrogenase. Ex: Decarboxylation