Vertebrates Ch. 1: Introduction
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- He was a creationist who believe species were immutable. His systematic, binomial nomenclature became standard taxonomic practice.
- Carl von Linné (Carolus Linnaeus)
- Creationist, vice chancellor of Cambridge University, calculated "exact" date of creation according to Biblical records
- Dr. John Lightfoot
-
-Evolutionist
-subscribed to theory of spontaneous generation
-believed in species hierarchy, man at the pinnacle
-convinced of inheritance of acquired characteristicsre - Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
-
-evolutionist, based on firsthand observation in the Malay Archipelago
-published a joint paper with Darwin - Alfred Russell Wallace
-
-"Father of Evolution"
-ship's naturalist aboard HMS Beagle
-based evolutionary theory on observations from Galapagos Islands
-delayed publishing book for 20 years - Charles Darwin
-
-creationist
-morphologist
-believed in immutability of species and archetypes - Richard Owen
-
-evolutionary morphologist
-defender of evolution: "Darwin's Bulldog"
-disproved Owen's archetype theory of the skull through embryology - T. H. Huxley
-
-creationist, morphologist
-first proponent of irreducible complexity
-parts worked together as a whole and could not be built up, rendering species immutable - Georges Cuvier
- A tail with identical top and bottom fins--found in fishes with a swim bladder
- homocercal
- Imbalanced tail that gives lift during propulsion, found in fish without swim bladders
- heterocercal
- the evolutionary history of a taxon
- phylogeny
- the developmental history of an individual organism
- ontogeny
- groups living in the present time
- extant
- animal groups that are no longer living
- extinct
- structures that seem to be phylogenetically related through a common ancestor
- homologous structures
- structures that have similar function, but not necessarily the same ancestry are termed
- analogous
- the type of evolution that produces analogous structures in unrelated taxa
- convergent evolution
- structures that look alike
- homoplasy
-
-head end
-tail end
-back
-belly
-midline
-sides
-farther from the body
-close to the body -
-anterior (cranial)
-posterior (caudal)
-dorsal
-ventral
-medial
-lateral
-distal
-proximal - a repeated section of a structure and the process of duplicating are called, respectively:
- segment (metamere) and segmentation (metamerism)
- non-gradual evolution
- quantum evolution, a.k.a. punctuated equilibrium, a.k.a. the Demiurge
- a named group of organsims
- taxon
- a proposed lineage of organisms and their common ancestor
- clade
-
a clade that includes:
-ancestor and all descendants
-groups formed on the basis on nonhomologous characters
-ancestor and some descendants -
-monophyletic
-polyphyletic
-paraphyletic - method of placing fossils in a relative sequence
- stratigraphy