TAMS, Dr. Burleson, Biology, Ch. 3
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- What are biological molecules? What are hydrocarbons?
- Molecules that consist mainly of carbon. Biological molecules that contain only hydrogen and carbon. They contain covalent bonds with significant energy.
- What are all the functional groups?
- Hydroxyl(OH), Carbonyl(CO), Carboxyl(COOH), Amino(NHH), Sulfhydryl(SH), Phosphate(POOO), Methyl(CHHH)
- What are macromolecules? What builds them? What breaks them apart?
- Long molecules usually made of polymers. Dehydration synthesis. Hydrolysis.
- What are the different kinds of macromolecules?
- Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Lipids, and Carbohydrates.
- What are the functions of proteins?
- Enzymes, Defense, Transport, Support, Motion, Regulation, and Storage.
- Describe an amino acid's structure.
- An amino group connected to a carbon connected to an R group, a hydrogen, and a carboxyl group.
- What happens when a protein denatures?
- It unfolds and loses functionality.
- What bonds form between amino acids?
- Peptide bonds.
- What are the levels of protein structure?
- Primary (Amino Acid Sequence), Secondary (Fold), Motif (Collection of Folds), Tertiary (Final Folded Shape), Domains (Function Parts of the Tertiary), Quatemary (Group of Proteins that Function as a Unit)
- What are chaperone proteins?
- Proteins that assist in the folding of proteins as they are being assembled.
- What are the types of nucleic acids? What are the parts?
- DNA (store code for protein synthesis) and RNA (copied from DNA to form protein). A phosphate, a 5 carbon sugar, and a nitrogeneous base.
- What is the loose definition of lipids?
- Molecules insoluble in water.
- What are fats? What are saturated fats? Unsaturated?
- A glycerol with 3 fatty acid chains. Fats with only single bonds between carbons (usually solid). Fats with one or more double bonds (usually liquid).
- What are phospholipids?
- Lipids with a glycerol, 2 fatty acid chains, and a phosphate group. They form all biological membranes.
- What are isomers?
- Compounds with the same molecular formula but different molecular structure.
- What are carbohydrates?
- Loosely, they are molecules with carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.
- What is a monosaccharide? A disaccharide? A polysaccharide?
- A simple sugar. Two simple sugars joined. A string of sugars (called a starch when formed by plants).
- Humans transport glucose as a ___________, plants as a ___________.
- Monosaccharide, Disaccharide.
- What is the sugar produced by plants to make wood? What is the sugar produced by arthropods and fungi to make carapace? How are they similar?
- Cellulose. Chitin. They are isomers of each other.
- Who made these flashcards?
- Robert Fromm