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Glossary of Synaptic Final

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Precursors of Ach synthesis
choline
acetyl CoA
What is the enzyme for reaction
choline acetyl transferase
What transports Ach to vesicle
Ach vesicular transporter
How do you regulate production of Ach
1. negative feedback--> Ach buildup reverses ChAT by mass action
2.availability of choline - with increased activity, get more fusion and thus more HACU on plasma membrane, uses Na gradient to bring in choline
How does Ach termination work
ACHase activity in synapse breaks it down - choline is reuptaken
Name unique identifiers of Ach
-high affinity choline uptake transporter(HACU)
-ChAT
-Ach vesicular transporter
-presense of Achase in ECM (less good)
-
How is dopamine formed
tyrosine is transformed to L-DOPA by tyrosine hydroxylase
L-DOPA is converted to dopamine by AAAD
What transporter moves dopamine into vesicle
VMAT
How is dopamine converted to norepinephrine? where?
by enzyme dopamine beta hydroxylase,in the vesicle
What transports NE out of vesicle
VMAT
How is NE transformed to epi
by enzyme PNMT
What transports it to vesicle
VMAT
How is catecholamines synthesis regulated?
-negative feedback of tyrosine hydroxylase - DA, EPI, NE competitively inhibit TH by competing with BH4 - its cofactor
-phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase by CAMKII - 20 fold increase in BH4 affinity, occurs after long train of AP's--> increased Ca-->activate CAMKII --> phosphorylating tyrosine hydroxylase
How is catecholamines terminated
-monoamine oxidase (MAO) - synaptic enzyme that degrades DA, NE, EPI
-catechol-o-methyl transferase (CoMT) also degrades DA, NE, EPI in synapse
-reuptake pump-separate types exist for DA and NE/EPI which are ATP dependent
What is unique identifier of DA
-presense of tyrosine hydroxylase in absense of dopamine beta hydroxylase and PNMT
-DA reuptaker (DAT)

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