Serum, Plasma, and Whole Blood Chemistries
Terms
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- Albumin
-
3.5-5.0 g/dl
higher:dehydration;lower:chronic liver disease, malabsorption, malnutrition, nephrotic syndrome, pregnancy -
Bilirubin
Total
Indirect
Direct -
0.2-1.3 mg/dl
1.7-17.0 mg/dl
0.1-0.3 mg/dl
higher:biliary obstruction, impaired liver function, hemolytic anemia, pernicious anemia, prolonged fastin; - Calcium
-
9-11 mg/dl
higher: acute osteoporosis, hyperparathyroidism, vit. D intoxication, multiple myeloma; lower: acute pancreatitis, hypoparathyroidism, liver disease, malabsorption syndrome, renal failure, vit. D deficiency - Cholesterol
-
140-200 mg/dl
higher:biliary obstruction, hypothyroidism, idiopathic hypercholesterolemia, renal disease, uncontrolled diabetes; lower: extensive liver disease, hyperthyroidism, malnutrition, corticosteroid therapy - Creatinine
-
0.5-1.5 mg/dl
higher: severe renal disease - Alkaline Phosphatase
-
30-120 U/L
higher: bone diseases, marked hyperparathyroidism, obstruction of biliary system, rickets; lower: excessive vitamin D ingestion, hypothyroidism, milk-alkali syndrome - Potassium
-
3.5-5.5 mEq/L
higher: Addison's disease, diabetic ketosis, massive tissue destruction, renal failure;lower: Cushing syndrome, diarrhea, diuretic therapy, pyloric obstruction, stavation, comiting - Sodium
-
135-145 mEq/L
higher: dehydration, impaired renal function, primary aldosteronism, corticosteroid therapy; lower: Addison's disease, diabeteic ketoacidosis, diuretic therapy, excessive loss from gastrointestinal trace, excessive perspiration, water intoxication - Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
-
10-30 mg/dl
higher: increased in protein catabolism (fever, stress), renal disease, urinary tract infection; lower: malnutrition, sever liver damage - Iron, total
-
50-150 mcg/dl
higher: excessive RBC destruction; lower: iron-deficiency anemia, anemia of chronic disease - Arterial pH
-
7.35-7.45
higher: alkalosis; lower: acidosis - Arterial PCO2
-
35-45 mm Hg
higher: respiratory acidosis; lower: respiratory alkalosis - Arterial PO2
-
80-100 mm Hg
higher: administration of high concentration of oxygen; lower: chronic lung disease, decreased cardiac output - Bicarbonate (HCO2)
-
22-26 mEq/L
higher: compensated respiratory acidosis, metabolic alkalosis; lower: compensated respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis