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Glossary of Science Test - Unit IV

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What is an extotherm? Endotherm?
ECTOTHERM: animal that relies on interactions with the enviornment to help control body tempertaure. ENDOTHERM: animal that generates its own body heat and controls its body temperature from within
What is homeostasis? (essay)
process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal enviornment
What is an Animal?
Mebers of the kingdom Animalia, are multicellular, eukaryotic herterotrophs whose cells lack cell walls
What are the 7 essential functions animals do?
Feeding, respiration, circulation, excretion, response, movement, reprodution
What are the there germ layers and what types of cells will they be?
Good question.
What are the types of symmentry organisms will have?
Radial symmetry (think bicycle wheel) or bilateral symmetry (think human)
What is chephalization?
concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at the anterior, or front, end of the body.
What is the relationshp between the degree of chephalization and the complexity of the animal? (Essay)
In general the more complex animlas become, the more pronounced their degree of chephalization.
What is a coelom?
Fluid Filled body cavity lined with mesoderm
What is Introcellular/Extracellular Digestion?
INTROCELLULAR DIGESTION: food is digested inside the cells. EXTRACELLULAR DIGESTION: food is broken down outside the cells in a digestive cavity or tract and then absorbed into the body.
What is the difference between gastrovascular cavity and a 2 opening digestive system?
GASTROVASCULAR CAVITY: a digestive chamber with one opening where food enters and waste leaves. TWO OPENING DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: ???
What are the ways organisms carry out respiration?
Diffusion, gills, tracheal tubes, book lungs
What is a open/closed circulatory system?
OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM: system in which blood is not always contained within a network of blood vessels. CLOSED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM: system in which blood is contained within a network of blood vessels.
What is the difference between a single-loop and a double loop circulatory system?
Single loop goes through the heart once (body-heart-lungs-body) while the double loops gothrough twice (body-heart-lungs-heart-body).
What is the advantage to a double loop circulatory system? (essay)
Because it brings the oxygen poor blood to the lungs to get more, and the oxygen rich blood to the blood to supply oxygen. (check this)
What are the three types of ways that animals can move?
hydrostatiz, exoskeletons, endoskeletons
What is the kidney used for?
organ that removes urea, excess water, and other waste products from the blood and passes them to the ureter.
What is a food chain?
series of steps in an ecosystem in which organism transfer energy by eating and being eaten
Fod Web?
network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships among the various orangisms in an ecosystem
Trophic Level?
step in a food chain or web
producer/autotroph?
organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chamicals and use it to produce food from inorganic compounds
Consumer/heterotroph?
organism that relies of other organisms for its energy and food supply.
What are the main chaercteristics of sponges?
multicellular, heterotrophs, have no cell walls, and contain a few specialized cells
What is a sponge's symmetry?
radial symmetry
What do sponge's respiration, circulation, and excretion rely on?
the movement through water (diffusion)
What are choanocytes?
Specialized cell in sponges that uses a flagellum to move a steady current of water through the sponge.
What phyla do sponges belong to?
Porifera

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