Rhetoric 2
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Plato
- Rhetoric is not an art, its a knack. Rhetoric does not confer true power. Rhetoric as a protection against suffering wrong is of little importance. Rhetoric as a means of escaping a deserved punishment is equally as wrong.
- Socrates
- To commit a crime and escape the punishment.
- Dialectic
- two people talking with questioning and answering... generates understanding concerning the ideal form.
- Cicero
- A speech is an assembly of wise men. A speech to the people requires all force, weight, and various colorings of eloquence, for persuading, nothing is more desirable than worth"
- Roman Rhetoric
- Reason and speech are two gifts given to man- dialectic is the theory of reason, grammar and rhetoric applies to speech.
- Quintillian
- "The orator cannot be perfect unless he is a good man. Consequently I demand from him not only outstanding skill in speaking but all the virtues of the character." The characteristics are justice, courage, self-control, prudence, etc...
- Ramus
- "A definition of any artist which covers more than is included in the rules of his art is included in the rules of his art is superfluous and defective. RHETORIC IS NOT AN ART THAT EXPLAINS ALL THE VIRTUOUS QUALITIES OF CHARACTER.
- Bacon
- Talks about idols (of the tribe, market place, cave and theatre
- Idols of cave
- Idols of the individual man
- Idols in market place
- formed by interaction of men
- Locke
- "Since the links between language and reality were created rather than natural, the link could be created faultily."
- Burke (Grammar of Motives)
- Concerned with basic form of thought who used five terms for investigation: act, scene, agent, agency and purpose.
- Act
- Names that took place in thought or deed
- Scene
- The background of the act, the situation in which it occured
- Agent
- the person that performed the act
- Agency
- the instruments he or she used
- Purpose
- Why he or she said or did it
- 20th century
- Electronic Media allows for a more widespread audience... allows for power to be more widespread and have more an immediate impact. Rhetorical margin has shrunk. new minority groups have impact with rhetoric. Public opinion is more important than ever. Audiences are more active than ever cause they have access to discourse so readily and easily.
- Vico
- Criticism is the art of true speech
- Olbrects-Tyteca and Perelman
- Believed dialectic and rhetoric were counterparts just like Aristotle thought. Dialectic provided an underlying theory of how argument works while rhetoric provided a theory of how argument might be applied in particular circumstances so as to influence human decisions.
- O-T and P
- says it is the audience which has the major role in determining the quality of an argument and the behavior of an orator.
- Campbell
- If a woman did speak, she was trying to be a man. If she could hold her own she was viewed as unwomanly, masculine, aggressive and cold.
- Foucault
- Says people fear the world of discourse and that there is anxiety to it.
- Maxim
- a statement about things that are objects of action. conclusions of enthymemes
- Inartistic proofs
- things there are
- Artistic proofs
- things that the speaker creates in the audience.ethos pathos and logos
- Deliberative rhetoric
- Art of persuading the audience to take action
- Forensic Rhetoric
- Making a case in court of law
- Epideictic Rhetoric
- use of powerfully effective language to praise or blame someone
- Genres of rhetoric
- deliberative, forensic, epideictic
- 5 canons of rhetoric
- Invention, arrangement, memory, style, delivery
- Grammar of motives
- Act, Scene, Agent, Agency, Purpose