Radiology 2 2
Terms
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- Describe a closed fracture.
- - Does not penetrate the skin
- What is the aka for a closed fracture?
- Simple fracture - This is the old term and is avoided.
- Describe a open fracture.
- - a fracture that penetrates the skin exposing the underlying tissue and increasing the risk for infection.
- What is the aka for a open fracture?
- Compound fracture - This is the old term and is avoided.
- Describe a complete, non-comminuted fracture?
- It is a single fracture that extends from one cortex to the other.
- Describe a complete, comminuted fracture?
- It is a fracture that extends from one cortex to the other, and includes two or more bony fragments which have separated.
- What is a "butterfly segment?"
- It is a triangular cortical fragment that is sometimes found on the concave side of a complete comminuted fracture.
- What **named** fragment is only found in complete, comminuted fractures?
- Butterfly fragment
- What type of fracture classically includes multiple fractures which intersect each other?
- Complete, comminuted fractures.
- When a fracture occurs, the fracture is often oriented to the bone in what three ways?
-
1. as an oblique fractures
2. as a spiral fractures
3. as a transverse fractures -
Describe an Oblique Fracture...
- On what types of bones?
- At what angle?
- what are the ends of the broken part of oblique bones like? -
- Occurs on the shaft of long tubular bones
- 45 degrees to the long axis of the bone
- the ends are blunt-ended -
Describe a Spiral Fracture...
- what forces cause spiral fracture?
- what are the ends of the broken part of spiral fractured bones like? -
- torsion, coupled with axial compression and angulation.
- the ends are pointed and sharp like a pen. -
Describe a Transverse Fracture...
- at what angle?
- Seen in what type of bone? -
- the transverse fracture is at a right angle to the long axis of a bone.
- transverse fractures are more frequently seen in diseased bone. (as in Paget's disease) - What is meant by a type of fracture known as multiple?
- More than one complete, non-comminuted fracture in the same bone.
- What is an Avulsion fracture?
- it is the tearing away of a portion of bone by forceful muscular or ligamentous pulling?