Psych exam 4 2
Terms
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- Medical model
- Theory which proposes that it is useful to think of abnormal behavior as a disease
- Etiology
- The apparent causation and developmental history of an illness
- Prognosis
- The forecast about the probable course of an illness
- Biomedical therapy
- Therapy that reduces or eliminates symptoms of psychological disorders by altering body functioning
- Behavioral therapy
- Type of therapy based on classical and operant conditioning
- Insight therapy
- Type of therapy that relies on discussion between therapist and client
- Psychotherapy
- The process used by mental health professionals to help individuals recognize, define, and overcome their psychological and interpersonal difficulties and improve their adjustment
- Prevalence of psychological disorders
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32% of American adults
More frequent in poorer people
Occur by age 24 - Antisocial personality
- Disorder that lacks conscience or remorse, typical of con-men and serial killers
- Borderline personality
- Disorder involving instability in mood and identity, impulsive, black-and-white way of thinking, and difficult to treat
- Narcissistic personality
- Disorder that thinks highly of themselves, success fantasies, unable to accept criticism, expect admiration
- Histrionic personality
- Disorder characterized by a drama queen, shallow, expect praise, display attention- getting behaviors
- Personality disorders
- Disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning
- Undifferentiated schizophrenia
- Uncategorized schizophrenia
- Catatonic schizophrenia
- Disorder with repition of movements leading to immobility
- Disorganized schizophrenia
- Disorder with inappropriate emotions, disturbed speech, deteriorating adaptive behavior
- Paranoid schizophrenia
- Disorder involving thinking someone is out to get them, delusions of persecution, hallucinations, bizarre actions
- Schizophrenia
- A group of severe psychotic disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate actions and emotions
- Dysthymic disorder
- A lessened case of major depressive disorder
- Bipolar disorder
- Disorder alternating between mania and depression, restless, over-inflated self-esteem
- Major depressive disorder
- Disorder characterized by symptoms lasting 2+ weeks: differed routines in eating and sleeping, weight gain/loss, lessened interest in activities, difficulty making decisions, recurring thoughts of death/suicide
- Mood disorder
- Disorder characterized by emotional extremes that disrupt physical, social, and cognitive functioning
- Dissociative identity disorder
- Disorder where a person exhibits 2 or more distinct and separate personalities
- Dissociative fugue
- Disorder where a person loses their personal identity, usually due to extreme stress
- Dissociative amnesia
- Disorder involving not remembering an accident or event which caused extreme stress
- Dissociative disorder
- Disorder in which conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder
- Disorder characterized by the repetitive, ritualized behavior of uncontrollable thoughts
- Panic disorder
- An acute onset of severe, extreme anxiety
- Phobia
- Fear fucused on a specific object, activity, or association resulting from classical conditioning
- Generalized anxiety disorder
- Disorder characterized by jittering and worrying about the future with no apparent cause
- Anxiety disorder
- Disorder characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety
- Axes of DSM-IV
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1-clinical syndromes
2-personality disorders and mental retardation
3-gen. medical conditions
4-psychosocial and environmental problems
5-global assessment of functioning scale - DSM-IV
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Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
Most widely used system for classifying disorders
Classifies based on 5 axes - Classification of psychological disorders
- The process of trying to describe, predict, treat, and study a disorder
- Biopsychosocial model
- Theory saying that all behavior comes from an interaction between genes and the environment
- Psychological disorder
- A condition in which behavior is judged atypical, disturbing, maladaptive, unjustifiable, and personally distressing
- Psychodynamic therapy
- Type of therapy that emphasizes unconscious mind and early childhood
- Transference
- Occurs when clients take their feelings toward another person out on the therapist unconsciously
- Resistance
- Largely, unconscious defensive maneuvers intended to hinder the progress of therapy
- Free Association
- When clients spontaneously express their thoughts and feelings exactly as they occur with little censorship
- Dream analysis
- Interpretting the symbolic meaning of a client's dreams
- Client-centered therapy
- Type of therapy with an emphasis on self-understanding and personal growth
- Characteristics of a good therapist
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Genuineness
Openness
Unconditional positive regard - Cognitive therapy
- Type of therapy that believes that an individual's thoughts and beliefs are the source of abnormal behavior
- Albert Ellis's components of rational-emotive behavior therapy
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Activating experience
Belief system
Consequence
Disposition
Effects - Beck's cognitive therapy
- Looks for negative thinking in people's thoughts
- Behavior therapy
- Type of therapy that uses learning principles to reduce or eliminate maladaptive behavior
- Systematic desensitization
- Behavior therapy used to reduce phobic client's anxiety responses through counter-conditioning based on classical conditioning
- Aversion conditioning
- Behavior therapy in which an aversive stimulus is paired with a stimulus that elicits an undesirable response based on classical conditioning
- Social skills therapy
- Behavior therapy designed to improve interpersonal skills that emphasize modeling, behavioral rehearsal, and shaping based on operant conditioning
- Anti-anxiety drugs
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Drugs which relieve tension, apprehension, and nervousness
Includes benzodiazepine and other tranquilizers - Antidepressant drugs
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Drugs which gradually elevate mood
Include trycyclics, MAO inhibitors, SSRI's, and lithium - Trycyclics and MAO inhibitors
- Drugs which affect neurochemicals
- SSRI's
- Drugs which slow the re-uptake process at serotonin synapses
- Anti-psychotic drugs
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Drugs used to gradually reduce psychotic symptoms, including hyperactivity, mental confusion, hallucinations, and delusions.
Includes narcoleptics, and atypical anti-psychotic drugs - Narcoleptics
- Drugs which decrease activity at dopamine synapses
- Tardive Dyskinesia
- Neurological disorder marked by involuntary writhing and ticlike movements of the mouth, tongue, face, hands, or feet caused by some anti-psychotic drugs
- Electro-convulsive therapy
- A biomedical treatment in which electric shock is used to produce a cortical seizure accompanied by convulsions
- Effectiveness of psychotherapy
- Is impacted by the relationship between the therapist and the client and may require combining therapies