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Glossary of Pregnancy 2

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Nutrition
Daily Requirements
Weight Gain
Eating Disorders- PICA(food substitutes, not food)
OTC Meds
Smoking- Growth Retardation
Folic Acid- Before Pregnancy need to take 400mg folic acid to prevent spinabifida.
Iron Deficency Anemia
Inaddicuate Nutrition
Fetal Deprevation
Preterm Birth
Still Borns
Congenital birth deficts
Preg Moms- 300 calories per day, Vitamin B-12, Protein 3 servings a day, Carbs 6 servings a day, Dairy 4 servings a day for bone formation, Fruits 2 servings a da, Vegies 3 servings a day.
Weight Gain
Avg preg weight gain is 25-35 lb with normal preg.
1st 20 wks- woman gain 10-15 lbs
After 20wks gain 1 lb per week.
Where weight comes from.
Fetus, Plecenta, and emlionic fluid give you 20 lbs.
Increase in BV about 4 lbs.
Breast Tissue 3 lbs.
Maternal Stores - 5-10 lbs.
Over the counter medication
Affect fertilized ovum embriyo or fetus.
Smoking
Low birth weight infants, growth retardation. Snijubg vasicibstructuib ti yterube muscle limit supply to fetus.
Caffine
No caffine stimulates system. Low birth weight baby.
Alcohol
No alcohol, cognitive impairment, cognitive deformities.
Folic Acid
Formation of RBC. Take folic Acid decrease neurotube diffects. Prenatal vitamins have iron supplements.
Estrogen
stimulates uterine development to provide enviornment for fetal growth. Prepare breast for lactation.
Human Choronic Gonadtropin (HCG)
Stimulates progesterone/estrogen production to maintain the pregnancy. Urine Test 2 days after missed period.
Human placental Lactogen (HPL)
Promotes lipolysis. Insulin antagonist release of nsulin. Inhibits higher free fatty acids avaliable for maternal metabolic use. Lower maternal metabolism of glucose to allow fetal growth.
Progesterone
Maintains the endometrium and inhibits uterine contractions. Prevent abortions. Aids in prep for lactation.
Prostaglandin
Assosiated with the onset of labor. Lipids found throuout repoduction system. High concentration found in preg. Pregnancy Induced Hypertension.
Relaxin
Inhibits uterine contractions/softems cervix. Found in maternal serum from time of firse pissed period.
Cardiovascular system
Physiologic anemia
(plasma volume increase 50%=7% decrease in hematocrit)
Vena Cava Syndrome
Decreased blood flow to right atrium lower blood pressure. Dizzy, clamy skin, pale. Left side, pillow under right hip.
Hypercoagulation
Blood vessel higher 45%. Red blood cells 18-30%. Cardio Output 30-40%. 10-15 BPM
Heart rate increases
Blood pressure changes.
Respiratory System
Nasopharyngeal Edema- Nasal stuffiness.
Shortness of breath.
Renal System
Glycosuria
Glomerular Filtration rate (GPR)- Kidneys not able to absorb all Gluose, GFR higher 50%.
Urinary Frequency
1st Trimester: Uterus presses on bladder= urinary frequency
2nd Trimester: Relieved by uterus moving into abdominal area. GFR higher 50% 2nd trimester till delivery.
3rd Trimester: Urinary frequency as the presenting part presses on the bladder.
Gastrointestinal System
Hyperptyalism- higher siliva formation.
Pyrosis/Heartburn
Decreased gastric motility- Constipation.
Nausea and Vomiting
Displacement of stomach.
Slowed intestinal parasaltisis.
Increase in prenatal levels smooth muscle and parastalsis evidence of feeling better.
Integumentary System
Increased pigmentation
Striae gravidarium
Linea Negra
Cholasma- Skin gets darkin on forehead around eyes.
High levels of estrogen make skin darker.
Strech Marks- High adrenal and steriod levels make connective tissue strech dark pigmented.
Musculoskeletal System
Lordosis- Curvature in spin compensates weight of baby.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Diastasis recti
Endocrine System
Thyroid Gland
Parathyroid
Pancreas
Pituitary Gland
Thyroid Gland
Enlargement causes an increases in metabolic weight.
Parathyroid
slight enlargement bettr for calcium and vitamin D. Decrease in insulin production. Allows more glucose availability for fetal growth.
Pituitary Gland
Increase in secreation of prolactin, prepares breast for lactation.
Uterus
Increase in size palpable by end of 12th week.
Lightening
Hegar's Sign
Braxton Hicks Contractions
Lightening
Baby drops on pelvis.
Hegar's Sign
Evident 6-8 weeks softening of the lower uterine segment.
Braxton Hicks Contraction
False Labor
Cervix
Goodell's Sign
Mucus Plug
Goodell's Sign
8 weeks softening of cervix
Mucus Plug
Barrier, baby can not have a BM.
Vagina
Chadwick's Sign
Increase in vaginal discharge
Chadwick's Sign
Cervix and vaginal wall (blue/purple). Acidic white and thick, breast changes estrogen and progesteron.
Breast Changes
Fullness/tingling/tenderness/darkened/areola/prominent blue veins/secretion of colostrum by 16th week.
First Trimester (1-12 weeks)
Acceptance
Announcement
Ambivalence
Second Trimester (13-24 weeks)
Differentiation
Fetal Embodiment
Visulization
Quickening- Visualisation by ultrasound 12 weeks, feel baby more 16-20th week.
Third Trimester (25-40 weeks)
Separation of baby
Concerned with safe delivery
Childbirth education
Nesting
Covade- get same thing mome does
Preparing for parenthood.
Signs of Pregnancy
Presumptive (subjective)
Finding reported by the mother that suggest presence of pregnancy. Amenoria, missing period. Brease changes, nausea vomiting, quickening.
Signs of Pregnancy
Probable (obj)
Finding noted by a healthcare provider that suggest a pregnancy is present. Hager, Chedricks, Enlarged abdomin. Pigmentation and pregnant test. Palpation of fetal outline.
Signs of Pregnancy
Positive (diagnostic)
Finding that confirm pregnancy. Fetal heart tones, 120-160 BPM. Doppler heart sound, baby 20-24 weeks and fetal movement 12 weeks. Visulization of fetus. Brain and heart beat visulaize by 8 weeks.
First Trimester Discomforts
Nausea/Vomiting
Fatigue
Urinary Frequency
Breast Tenderness
Salvation
Second/third trimester discomforts
Heartburn
Ankle edema
Varicose Veins
Hemorrhoids
Constipation
Backache
Leg Cramps
SOB
Difficulty Sleeping
Warning Signs of Pregnancy
Bleeding
Decreased Fetal Movements
Headache
Edema of hands of face
Visual changes
Pain
Symptoms of infection
Prenatal Screening
Gestational Age
-Nagele's Rule
Obstertrical History
-Gravida (# of times pregnant)
-Parity (# infants delievered >20wks.)
-FPAL
Medical History/Past Medical History
-Surgeries
-Chromosomal abnormalities
Prenatal Screening cont.
BP/weight, fundal height.
1cm=1week
Symphatic pelvis to above uterus 10-12 weeks heart tones.
Any signs of edema.
Urine dipstick, glucose, protein, edema.
Every 4 till 28 weeks.
Every 2 weeks till 36
Every week till Delivery.
Nagele's Rule
First day of last mentral period, go back 3 months and add 7 days.
Laboratory Screening
Initial Labs
H&H/WBC
Blood Type and Cross/RH (RH-, recieve rogam at 28 weeks)
Ryubella
DRL (Syphalis)
GC (Gonorea Chlamidia)
HBsAg (antibody titer for Rub/hep B)
MSAFP(16-18weeks)
Diabetes Screen (24-28 weeks)
HIV (AZT)
Genetic Screening
Gravida Parity
G/P- Gravida/Parity FPAL
F- Full Term Birth (37 weeks higher)
P- Premies (Lower then 37 weeks, 20-36 weeks)
A- Abortions (lower then 20 weeks)
L- Living
Gonorea
Neonatal sepsis
Preterm growth blindness.
IUGR- Intra uterine growth retardation.
Diabetes Screen (24-28 weeks)
50g oral
Draw Blood
Higher 140 needed
3 hrs CTT
Chlamidia
Phnemonia conguctivitis.
MSAFP- Maternal Serum Alfa Fetal Protein
Maternal Serum Alfa Fetal Protein.
Higher chance neural tube defict or abdominal defict. Lower suspect down syndrome. Will do eminio Centesis.
GYN History
Last pap smear/ normal. Sexually transmitted disease periods regular how long last dismineria, contraseption.
TOURCH Infections
Cross placenta
Toxoplasmosis
Other Infections
-HIV/Hepatitis/GBS/Syphillis/Varicella
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes Simplex
Toxoplasmosis
Protozol infection eating improperly cookd meats or fetal or contact to cat feces or liter.
Other Infections
HIV/Hepatitis/GBS/Syphillis/Varicella
Fetal Brain damage and abort in first trimester.
GBS- Group B streptococcus cause preterm labor, UTI, (PROM) Premature rupture of the membrane.
Rubella
Fetal infection abort. Hearing impairment psychomotor retardation. IUGR congenital Heart Disease.
Cytomegalovirus
Mental Retardation and audatory.
Herpes Simplex
IUGR- Intrauterine growth reduction.
Diagnostic Tests
Ultrasound
CVS(Chronic Villus Sampling)
Amniocentesis
MSAFP (Maternal Serum Alpha Fetal)
PUBS (Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Sampling)
BPP (Biophysical Profile)
NST (Non Stress Test)
CST (Contraction Stress Test)
Ultrasound
As early as 5 weeks
CVS Chronic Villus Sampling
High risk determineee fetal caratype, sickle cell anemia
Amniocentesis
14-16 weeks gestation >30 weeks gestation. If suspect early pregnancy.
MSAFP Maternal Serum Alpha Fetal protein
16-18 weeks gestation.
BPP Biophysical Profile
3rd trimester. Fetal breathing movement, fetal movement, fetal tone extension and flex ion, Emnonic Fluid Volume.
NST Non stress test
Fetal heart rate with fetal movement done x2 in 20 min intravals. 2 or more of 15 beats per min for 15 sec intervals.
CST Contraction Stress Test
Provoke contractions in hospital. Fetal abiility to withstand uterine contractions
Watch fetal heartrate when contraction. Lower heart rate could not be getting O2
PKU
Down Syndrome, Peuchne muscular dystrophy.

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