Neuroscience Test 1 - Cerebral Circulation Lecture
Terms
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- MCA gives rise to what vessel that has clinical importance?
- Anterior chorodial artery
- What clinical significance does the anterior choriodal artery have?
- When a stroke occurs in this artery, a loss of Parkinsonism is seen contralaterally.
- What two arteries border a cranial nerve? What cranial nerve is it?
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1. Superior Cerebellar Artery and the Posterior Cerebral Artery.
2. CN III (Oculomotor) - What is the most common location of a stroke?
- MCA
- What is a common symptom of a MCA stroke?
- Acute paralysis on one side (contralateral)
- Why is the forehead not usually involved in a stroke?
- The facial nucleus is bilaterally innverated.
- Where does a blockage in the posterior circulation usually originate?
- Vertebral arteries or subclavian arteries
- What are 5 clinical presentations of posterior circulation strokes?
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1. Homonomous hemianopsia
2. Dysphagia
3. Headache/vomiting
4. Split sensory defect
5. Death - Steal syndrome is caused by stenosis of what vessel? What would cause a greater degree of effect?
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1. The left subclavian
2. Left vertebral dominance - What are four origins of a clot in the heart?
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1. Vegetations
2. Patent foramen ovale
3. Fibrillation
4. Mural - What are the two varieties of echocardiograms and what does each see?
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TTE - (non-invasive)ventricles
TEE - (invasive) - atria, valves, foramen ovale - Where do lenticulostriate arteries branch off?
- MCA
- The anterior 2/3 of the internal capsule controls what activity?
- Motor activity
- The posterior 1/3 of the internal capsule controls what activity?
- sensory
- Can subcortical strokes cause aphasia or loss of consciousness?
- No
- How are the arms and legs affected in sub-cortical strokes?
- Equally
- How are arms and legs affected in cortical strokes?
- Arms are affected moreso than legs
- What time or diagnosing technique can pick up acute ischemia?
- Diffusion - Perfusion Mismatch / Diffusion Weighted Imaging
- Where do watershed infarcts occur and what are they a result of?
- They occur at the overlap of two larger vessels such as the ACA and MCA. They are usually caused by a drop in blood pressure. They are bilateral infacrts.
- What are two causes of intraparenchymal bleeds?
- Hypertenstion or amyloid plaques
- Rupture of what artery can cause an epidural hematoma?
- Middle meningeal atery deep to the temporal bone
- On a CT scan, how will subdural bleeding present? What observation can help in the diagnosis?
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Isodense - same density of the brain
Shifted brain - Where do subarachnoid hematomas usually occur?
- Circle of Willis
- What is a symptom of a subarachnoid hematoma? Why?
- Extreme headache due to compression of nerves
- How is a subarachnoid hematoma diagnosed?
- Lumbar puncture
- What two sinuses are related to the falx cerebri?
- Superior and Inferior Sagittal Sinuses
- What connects the Superior and Inferior Sagittal Sinuses?
- Rectus sinus
- What vein is a branch of the rectus sinus and what does it drain?
- The Great Vein of Galin and it drains the cerebellum and brainstem
- What vessels are associated with the confulence (4)? What do they then turn into?
- Transverse, Rectus, Superior Sagittal and occipital; the transverse sinus which drains into the sigmoidal sinus
- What does the sigmoidal sinus drain into?
- IJV
- Venous blood from the Circle of Willis drains where?
- Cavernous Sinus which is also drained by the Superior and Inferior Petrosal sinuses