Muscle Actions
Terms
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- Temporalis
- elevates mandible
- Digastric: Anterior Belly
- depresses mandible and/or elevates larynx
- Digastric: Posterior Belly
- depresses mandible and/or elevates larynx
- Mylohyoid
- elevates floor of mouth, elevates hyoid bone,and/or depresses mandible
- Sternohyoid
- depresses hyoid bone and larynx
- Sternocleidomastoid
- together flex neck, alone bend side to side
- Splenius (capitis & cervicis)
- together extend neck, alone rotates & flexes neck side to side
- Spinalis Thoracis
- extends vertebral column
- Scalenes
- elevates ribs, flexes neck, rotates and bends neck
- External Intercostals
- elevates ribs
- Internal Intercostals
- depresses ribs
- Diaphragm
- contraction expands thoracic cavity, compresses abdominopelvic cavity
- External Oblique
- compresses abdomen; depresses ribs; laterally flexes or rotates vertebral column
- Internal Oblique
- compresses abdomen; depresses ribs; laterally flexes or rotates vertebral column
- Transverse Abdominis
- compresses abdomen
- Rectus Abdominis
- depresses ribs, flexes vertebral column, compresses abdomen
- Trapezius
- elevate, retract, depress, or rotate scapula upward and/or elevate clavicle; extend neck
- Rhomboideus Minor
- adducts & performs downward rotation of scapula
- Rhomboideus Major
- adducts and downward rotation of scapula
- Levator Scapulae
- elevates scapula
- Serratus Anterior
- protracts shoulder: rotates scapula so glenoid cavity moves superiorly (upward rotation)
- Pectoralis Minor
- depresses & protracts shoulder, rotates scapula (glenoid cavity rotates downward), elevates ribs
- Supraspinatus
- abduction of arm at the shoulder
- Infraspinatus
- lateral rotation of arm at shoulder
- Deltoid
- abducts shoulder, flexion and extension, medial and lateral rotation of humerus
- Teres Minor
- lateral rotation of arm at shoulder
- Teres Major
- extension, adduction & medial rotation of arm at shoulder
- Subscapularis
- medial rotation of arm at shoulder
- Pectoralis Major
- flexion, adduction & medial rotation of arm at shoulder
- Latissimus Dorsi
- extension, adduction, and medial rotation of arm at shoulder
- Coracobrachialis
- adduction and flexion of arm at shoulder
- Triceps Brachii
- extension at elbow, extension & adduction of arm at shoulder
- Brachialis
- flexion at elbow
- Brachioradialis
- flexion at elbow
- Pronator Teres
- pronates forearm and hand by medial rotation of radius at radioulnar joints & flexion at elbow
- Flexor Carpi Radialis
- flexion and abduction of hand at wrist
- Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
- flexion and adduction of hand at wrist
- Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
- extension and adduction of hand at wrist
- Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
- extension and abduction of hand at wrist
- Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
- extension an abduction of hand at wrist
- Supinator
- supinates forearm and hand by lateral rotation of radius at radioulnar joints
- Biceps Brachii
- flexion of forearm at elbow and shoulder; supination
- Palmaris Longus
- flexion of hand at wrist
- Extensor Digitorum
- extension of hand and fingers at finger joints and wrist
- Iliacus
- Flexion of thigh at hip
- Psoas Major
- Flexion of thigh at hip and/or lumbar intervertebral joints
- Pectineus
- Flexion, medial rotation, and adduction of thigh at hip
- Adductor longus
- Adduction, flexion, and medial rotation of thigh at hip
- Adductor magnus
- adduction of thigh at hi , flexion & medial rotation of thigh, extension & lateral rotation of thigh
- Gracilis
- Flexion at knee; adduction and medial rotation of thigh at hip
- Sartorius
- Flexion at knee; flexion and lateral rotation of thigh at hip
- Rectus femoris
- Extension of lower leg at knee; flexion of thigh at hip
- Vastus lateralis
- Extension of lower leg at knee
- Vastus medialis
- Extension of lower leg at knee
- Vastus intermedius
- Extension of lower leg at knee
- Semimembranousus
- Flexion at knee; extension and medial rotation of thigh at hip
- Semitendinosus
- Flexion at knee; extension and medial rotation of thigh at hip
- Biceps femoris
- Flexion at knee; extension and lateral rotation of thigh at hip
- Gluteus maximus
- Extension and lateral rotation of thigh at hip; helps stabilize the extended knee
- Gluteus medius
- Abduction and medial rotation of thigh at hip
- Tensor fasciae latae
- Flexion and medial rotation of thigh at hip
- Gastrocnemius
- Plantar flexion at ankle; inversion; flexion at knee
- Soleus
- Plantar flexion at ankle; postural muscle when standing
- Tibialis anterior
- Dorsiflexion at ankle; inversion of foot
- Peroneus longus (aka Fibularis longus)
- Eversion of foot and plantar flexion at ankle; supports ankle; supports longitudinal arch
- Extensor digitorum longus
- Extension of toes; dorsiflexes ankle; everts foot
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Masseter
- elevates mandible
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Temporalis
-
Temporalis
elevates mandible