Glossary of Module 1:the history and scope of psychology
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- Empiricism
- the view that a. knowledge comes from experience via the senses, and b. science flourishes through observationa dn experiment.
- structuralism
- an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore hte elemental structure of the huuman mind.
- fuctionalism
- a school of psychology that focused on howmental and behavioral processes function-how they enable the oraganizsm to adapt, survive, adn flourish.
- psychology
- the science of behavior and mental processes
- nature nurture issue
- the longstanding controversy over the relative contibutions tha tgenes and experience make to the development of psyhoclogical traits and behaviors
- natural selection
- the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.
- neuroscience
- how the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences
- evolutionary
- how the natural selection of traits promotes the perpetuation of one's genes
- behavior genetics
- how much our genes and our environemtn influence our individual differences
- psychodynamic
- how behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts
- behavioral
- how we learn observable responses
- cognitive
- how we encode process, store, adn retrieve information
- social-cultural
- how behavior and htinkign vary across situations and cultures.
- basic reserach
- pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.
- applied reserach
- scientific study that aims to solve practical problems.
- clinical psyhcology
- a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and reats people with psychological disrders
- psychiatry
- a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psycological therapy.
- psychiatry
- a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psycological therapy.
