Modern World Lit: The Enlightenment
Terms
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- 4 Terms to describe the period
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1- Neoclassicism
2- Age of Reason
3- Century of Light
4- The Enlightenment - Background to the Neclassical Period: Historical/Political
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1- Time of Expansion
2- Time of singular national figures
3- Time of subdued conflict b/t church and state - Background to the Neclassical Period: Scientific
- Time of great strides in national physical laws
- Background to the Neclassical Period: Philosophic/Religious
- Time of rationalism (scientific method)
- Two views of Humanity
- Mind vs. Matter
- Idealists
- mind or spirit forms ultimate reality
- Materialists
- Matter or body constitute ultimate reality
- Two Views Concerning Human Condition
- Ancients and Moderns
- Ancients
- Pagan antiquity held the model for human conduct and aspiration
- Moderns
- Current culture could excel the Greeks and Romans
- Deism
- An attempt to reconcile Christianity w/rationalism
- Satire
- A blend of criticism and humor, usually for the sake of improving humanity
- Wigs Political Party
- Progressives (opposed monarchist rule)
- Tories Political Party
- Conservatives (favored aristocratic rule)
- Popular Religions of 1700 and 1800s
- Deism and Methodism
- Industry in the 1700s
- Base of machinery-- emphasis on Newton
- Form
- slightly informal discourse
- Tone
- Conversational, reflective
- Three Causes of Evil
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1- Natural Causes
2- Inherent human limitations
3- Moral Evil - Tartuffe: A fake
- Sympathy characters denounce him as a fake
- Cleante: anti-tartuffe character
- Voice of Reason
- Orgon: a man consumed with his passion
- Desires piety; believes only in what he sees
- Louis XIV: anti-Organ character
- Sees beyond appearances; rational
- Characterists of a Protagonist (Tartuffe?)
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1- Absolute Power
2- Blinded by appearances, false values, or money - Themes of Tartuffe
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1- Corrupt people desire power
2- Great passion leads to selfishness and destruction
3- People can manipulate good for evil
4- The gullibility of humanity rests with deciever and the decieved - Key Phrase of Essay on Man
- "Whatever is, is right."
- Leibniz's Vindiction of the goodness of God in respect to the existence of evil
- Theodicy
- Philosophical Dialogue
- Dialogue which employs striking irony
- Tension between philosophical outlooks in Candide
-
Pangloss- Utter Optimism
Martin- Utter Pessimism - Key Phrase from Candide
- Tend your garden
- Another work of Swift
- Journal to Stella
- 4 Voyages of Gulliver
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1- Lilliput (rude, little people)
2- Brobdingnag (nice, giants)
3- Laputa (Aristocratic Tyrants)
4- Land of the Houyhnhnms (horse people and yahoo people) - Thematic Focus of Gulliver's Travels
- Rational freedom
- Two groups in Houyhnhnmland
-
Houyhnhnms- society- reason
Yahoos- individual- emotion - What Gulliver and the Houyhnhnms lack
- Love/Charity
- Genre of Tartuffe
- French Classic Comedy Drama
- Genre of The Rape of the Lock
- Mock Epic
- Genre of The Essay on Man
- Philosophical Poetry
- Genre of Candide
- Conte (Philosophical Tale)
- Genre of A Modest Proposal
- Pamphlet/Essay
- Genre of Gulliver's Travels
- Travel Log (Fictional)
- Author of Tartuffe
- Moliere
- Author of The Rape of the Lock
- Pope
- Author of Essay on Man
- Pope
- Author of Candide
- Voltaire
- Author of A Modest Proposal
- Swift
- Author of Gulliver's Travels
- Swift