Microbiology 301 Exam 2
Terms
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copy deck
- prototroph vs. auxotroph
- auxotrophic has lost the ability to synthesize a certain compund
- silent/missense/nonsense
- no effect/different amino acid/stop codon
- transposons
- jumping genes, gene which is jumped into is insertionally inactivated
- induced mutation - mutagens
- chemical mutagens alter pase pairing properties.
- difference between UV and X ray mutagens
- UV causes covalent bonding between T-T's, X rays break chains
- SOS system
- uses a new type of DNA pol that tolerates errors to repair badly damaged DNA
- 2 ways of repairing Tymine dimers
- Photorepair (requires light) and excision repair (cut out and replace whole section)
- homologous (site-specific)recombination
- DNA fragment inserted into a host chromosome, "heteroduplex" generates one wild type and one recombinant
- Generalized vs. specialized transduction
- specialized is only in temerate phage,
- toll like receptors
- surface receptors that allow cells to detect molecules that signify the presence of microorganisms
- complement cycle: C3b leads to
- opsonization - prepares for eating
- complement cycle: C5a leads to
- inflammation which attracts phagocytes
- interferons
- produced by virus infected cell, which cause formation of proteins in other cells (iAVP)that tigger apoptosis if infected
- macrophage
- long lived, weak killers, always present
- neutrophils
- short lived, always first to site of infection, strong killers
- IgM/IgG/IgA
- M is first antibody produced in promary immune responseonly class produced in response to t-independent antigens. G is most abundant in blood and tissue longest lived. A: mostly in mucus and tears
- 2 types of T cells
- T-cytotoxic, has CD8 which recognizes MCH type 1 (endogenous) proteins, T-helper, has CD4 which recognizes MHC type 2 (exogenous) proteins.
- NK cells
- kills self cells that don't have MHC 1 on surface (if youre not showing what youre making, i'll kill you)