Microbiology, tortora
Terms
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- what is not associated with bacterial flagella
- fimbriae (short thin appendages thast help cells adhere to surfaces)
- Pili and fimbrae are ____________ than flagella
- shorter
- what is primary stain of gram stain
- crystal violet
- what is secondary stain of gram stain
- safranin
- what is the mordant of the gram stain
- iodine
- characteristics of Viruses
- have protein coat, DNA OR RNA (not both), cannot replicate by themselves, are very small, acellular
- LPS is
- an endotoxin
- acid fast bacteria contain ____% mycolic acid
- contains 60% mycolic acid
- in the gram stain, crystal violet
- is repelled by peptidoglycan
- lag phase
- time required for bacteria to adapt, no division
- exponential (log) phase
- rate of cell division depends on bacterial strain and conditions
- stationary phase
- dividing and dying bacteria at equilibrium. reduced nutrients
- Death or decline phase
- more deaths than new cells
- Phases of bacterial growth
- lag, exponential (log), stationary, death or decline
- Metabolism =
- the sum of catabolism + anabolism
- glycolysis
- Occurs in cytoplasm of most cells. Net gain of 2 ATP molecules. Divided in 3 stages /10 steps
- 3 stages of glycolysis
-
Energy-Investment stage
Lysis Stage
Energy Conserving Stage - cellular respiration
- pyruvic acid completely oxidized to produce ATP by series of Redox reactions
- plasmids
- CIRCULAR double stranded DNA molecules that are "extras" They are resistant to antibiotics.
- what do both 70s and 80s ribosomes have in common?
- They both have two subuntis and they both synthesize proteins
- endocytosis
- uptake of material by enclosing them in vacuoles (larger) and vesicles (smaller) that pinch off the PM.
- phagocytosis
- large particles /microbes enclosed in phagocytic vacuole or phagosome and engulfed
- pinocytosis
- small amounts of material are pinched off in pinosomes
- primary lysosomes
- newly formed
- secondary lysosomes
- primary lysosomes that fuse with phagosomes
- chloroplast
- type of plastid. Contains chlorophill, uses light energy in photosynthesis
- photosynthesis
- uses light energy to convert CO2 and H20 into carbohydrates and H20.
- centrioles
- cell division
- mitochondrion
- cellular respiration and ATP production. Powerhouse of cell
- golgi complex
- sorting proteins