Med-Surg Nursing - 11
Terms
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- addiction
- compulsive, uncontrollable dependence on a substance, habit, or practice to such a degree that cessation causes severe emotional, mental, or physiologic reactions
- addictive behaviors
- behaviors associated with maintaining an addiction
- brain reward system
- an area in the mesolimbic system of the brain that creates a sensation of pleasure for certain behaviors necessary for survival, such as eating and sexual behavior
- craving
- subjective need for a substance, usually experienced after decreased use or abstinence
- cross-tolerance
- the need for an increased dose of a drug for a therapeutic effect that occurs when an individual dependent on alcohol or other CNS depressants is drug free and receives other CNS depressants
- cue-induced craving
- craving that occurs in the presence of people, places, or things that they have previously associated with drug taking
- dependence
- reliance on a substance that has reached the level that absence of it will cause an impairment in function
- detoxification
- process of removing the substance and its effects from the individual's body
- Korsakoff's psychosis
- a form of amnesia characterized by loss of short-term memory and an inability to learn
- motivational interviewing
- a nonconfrontational interpersonal communication technique used to motivate patients to change behavior
- opiates
- natural substances, such as morphine and codeine, which are directly derived from opium
- opioids
- includes opiates in addition to the many semisynthetic and synthetic narcotic agents used as analgesics
- physiologic dependence
- an altered physiologic state resulting from prolonged substance use in which regular use is necessary to prevent withdrawal
- potentiation
- a synergistic action in which the effect of two drugs given simultaneously is greater than the effect of the drugs given separately
- psychologic dependence
- a compulsive need to experience a pleasurable response from a substance
- relapse
- return to substance abuse during abstinence
- substance abuse
- overindulgence in and dependence on a substance that has a negative impact on the psychologic, physiologic, and social functioning of an individual; is synonymous with chemical dependence
- substance dependence
- dependence on a substance that has a negative impact on psychologic, physiologic, and social functioning of an individual
- substance misuse
- use of a drug for purposes other than those intended
- tolerance
- decreased effect of a substance that results from repeated exposure
- transtheoretical model of change
- stages of behavior change that include precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination
- Wernicke's encephalopathy
- an inflammatory, hemorrhagic, degenerative condition of the brain resulting from a deficiency of thiamine
- withdrawal
- constellation of physiologic and psychologic responses that occur when there is abrupt cessation or reduced intake of a substance on which an individual is dependent or when the effect is counteracted by a specific antagonist