MED2042 WEEK 3 - HLSD (Cognitive Neuropsychological Development)
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- What occurs in classical conditioning?
- ?
- What occurs in operant or instrumental conditioning?
-
AR (accidental response)
Pigeon presses red bar
R (reinforcement)
Pigeon gets food
DR (Deliberate response)
Pigeon presses red bar - What is habituation?
- loss of attention to stimulus
- What is conditioning?
- learning to associate one experience with another
- Describe habituation, conditioning, imitation.
-
Habituation - loss of attention fo stimulus
Conditioning - learning to associate one experience with another
Imitation - Infant memory for angles
- ?
- Give an example of a primary circular reaction.
- Baby sucks thumb --> baby enjoys sucking --> Baby sucks thumb again
- Give an example of a secondary circular reaction.
- Baby sees smiling face --> baby coos --> Baby sees smiling face again
- Give an example of a tertiary circular reaction.
-
Baby steps on rubber duck -->
Duck squeaks --> Baby squeezes rubber duck --> Duck squeaks again - Describe the assessment of object permanence by giving 2 examples.
-
Example 1
Object in view between two cloths
Object is placed under right cloth
Cloths are transposed (object moves to left with cloth)
Infant still thinks object is on the left side
Example 2
Object is in experimenter's hand
Experimenter closes hand
...and puts hand under cloth
... removes hand, leaving object under cloth
child looks in experimenters hand
Obviously upset, child cries - What happens in the visual cliff experiment?
-
Baby is on shallow side with glass over pattern surface
Floor pattern seen through glass on deep side - Describe the development of grasp during the first year.
-
Palm grasp (4 months)
Muscle grasp (6 months)
Beginning thumb-forefinger grasp (8 months)
Advanced thumb-forefinger grasp (1 year) - Describe non organic failure to thrive (NOFT)
-
- poor weight gain
- insufficient nutrition
- deviant patterns of parent-child interaction during feeding
- not necessarily a manifestation of abusive/neglectful parenting but a predictor of subsequent abuse - What are risk factors to NOFT?
-
1. Dysfunctional parenting style
2. Parental depression
3. Marital conflict - What are the principles of preventative management in children at risk for NOFT?
-
1. Early diagnosis by surveillane of the infant population.
2. Assessment of the child's physical and pscyhological status, the parent-child relationship and the family context
3. Stabilization or reversal of the child's acute physical symptoms by physical and nutritional intervention
4. Addressing specific problems in the parent-child or family system that are maintaining NOFT and contributing to risk for emotional disorders - What are preventative interventions for 'At risk' families?
-
- Home intervention by trained workers (nurses)
- Regular visits (trusting relationship)
- Emotional support
- Practical guidance
- Understanding of developmental stage - What are a child's first words like?
-
Holophrases
Over extention - How does a child in the first two years of language development put words together (semantics)?
-
- two word sentences
- telegraphic speech
- over regularization
- development of questions (complexity)