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MCAT biology preparation

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What is the cell theory?
1. All living things are composed of cells.

2. The cell is the basic functional unit of life.

3. Cells arise only from pre-existing cells.

4. Cells carry genetic information in the form of DNA.

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What is the function of the diagphragms from microscopes? The course adjustment? The fine adjustment knob do?
controls the amount of light passing through the specimen.

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course adjustment: roughly focuses on the image
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fine adjustment: sharply focuses on the image

--- page 68
What is audioradiography? what is it used to study?
this technique uses radioactive molecules to trace and identify cell structures and biochemical activity. It is used to study protein synthesis
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What and when is centrifugation?
It can be used to seperate cells or mixtures of cells without destroying them in the process?
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What microscopes can be used on the living?
A phase contrast microscope
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What organisms can be viewed using an electron microscope?
Can't use living specimens because they will be killed.
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Are viruses considered cells? Why or why not?
They are not capable of living independently.
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What characterizes a prokaryote?
Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms with a simple cell structure. They have an outer cell membrane but do not have membrane bound organelles and don't have a true nucleus.
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What are the basic differences between plant and animal cells?
plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts,animal cells do not. Centriooles are found in animal cells but not plant cells.
---page 70
What is cytosol?
Cytosol is the fluid component of the cytoplasm and consists of an aqueous solution containing free proteins, nutrients, and other solutes.
---page 71
What is cytoskeleton?
It gives the cell its shape and anchors the organelles. It functions in cell maintenance and aids in intracellular transport.
Explain what a cell membrane's function is.
A cell membrane encloses the cell and exhibits selective permeability. It regulates the passage of materials into and out of the cell. According to the generally acceptped

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