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Living Environment Unit 1

Terms

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Biology
The study of life and living things
Nutrition
taking materials from the external environment and changing it into forms it can use
Ingestion
taking in food
Digestion
breaking down food into simpler forms
Transort
process in which nutrients enter the cells and waste leaves the cells, both becoming distributed
Absorption
substances entering cells
Circulation
substances moving around inside of cells
Excretion
removal of metabolic wastes
Elmination
removal of undigested waste via the anus
Synthesis
cominbing simpler substances to make more complex substances
Regulation
all activities that help organism maintain homeostasis
Growth
increase in size or number of cells
Reproduction
process by which living things produce new organisms of their own kind
Taxonomy
the classification and naming of living organisms
Classification
Kingdom, Phyllum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Biological Organization
Atom, Compound, Organelle, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism
Prokaryotes have no _.
nucleus
Eukaryotes have these, and they separate themselves from Prokaryotes.
nucleus
What makes a molecule organic?
It has Carbon and Hydrogen together.
The Big 3 Organic Molecules
Carbs, Lipids, Proteins
Monosaccharides
simple sugars, example being glucose
Disaccharides
double sugars, example being sucrose
Three or more simple sugar units
Polysaccharides
Glycogen
complex carb used to store extra simple sugars in liver and muscles
Cellulose
forms cell walls in plants
Starch
used to store extra simple sugars in plants
Dehydration Synthesis
combining simple molecules to form a more complex one with the removal of water
Hydrolosis
adding water to a compound to split it into smaller substances, also called chemical digestion
Three major functions of Lipids
energy storage
protection
insulation
Three elements of lipids
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
Lipids are composed of
glycerol and fatty acids
Saturated fats come from
animals
Unsaturated fats come from
plants
Wax comes from
bees or your ears
Fourth type of lipid is a
steroid
Four elements found in proteins
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen
Four main functions of proteins
growth
repair
enzymes
energy
molecule formed from two amino acids
dipeptide
molecule formed from three or more amino acids
polypeptide
Four different types of proteins
enzymes
hormones
antibodies
muscles

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