Linguistics Ch 6 Phonetic: Consonants
Terms
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- Places of Articulation
-
Bilabial: p, b, m
Labiodental: f, v
Interdental: th, thi
Alveolar: t, d, n, s, z, l, r
Palatal: s, z, c, j
Velar: k, g, ng
Glottal: h - Bilabial
- p, b, m
- Labiodental
- f, v
- Interdental
- th, thi
- Alveolar
-
t, d, n,
s, z, l, r - Palatal
- s, z, c, j
- Velar
- k, g, ng
- Glottal
-
Nonconsonantal
h - Manners of Articulation
-
(1). voiced and voiceless sounds
aspirated and unaspirated
p, t, k
1. Nasal and Oral sounds
m, n, ng
2. Stops: p, b, m, t, d, n,
k, g, ng, c, j, ?
3. Fricatives:
f, v, th, thi, s, z, s, z
4. Affricatives: c, j
5. liquids: l, r
6. Glides: j, w -
Stops
Noncontinuants (p257) -
1. Nonnasal stops
Oral stops
Plosives
Obstruents (p257)
p, b, t, d,
k, g, c, j, ?
2. Nasal stops
m, n, ng - Fricatives
-
f, v, th, thi,
s, z, s, z - Affricatives
- c, j
- Liquids
-
l: lateral
r
a single tap (p 249)
a single flap
retroflex sound (p 242)
alveolar trill - Glides
-
Nonconsonantal
Vocalic sounds
j
w
labio-velar glide
voiced - Major Classes
-
1. Noncontinuants and Continuants
2. Obstruents and Sonorants
3. Consonants and Vowels
4. Syllabic sounds
l, r, m, n - Noncontinuants
-
1. Noncontinuants / Stops
(1).Nonnasal stops
Oral stops
Plosives
Obstruents (p 257)
p, b, t, d, k, g,
c, j, ?
(2). Nasal stops
m, n. ng - Continuants
-
f, v, thi, th, s, z
s, z, l, r, j, w, h -
Obstruents
Nonsonorants (self-created) -
(1).Airsteam fully obstructed
Noncontinuant obstruents
1. Nonnasal stops
p, b, t, d, k, g,
c, j, ?
2. Affricatives: c, j
(2). Airsteam partially obstructed
3. Fricatives
(partially obstructed)
f, v, th, thi, s, z, s, z - Sonorants
-
free airflow through either mouth or nose.
1. Liquids: l, r (resonate)
2. Glides: w, j
3. Nasal stops: m, n, ng
4. Glottal: h (p 300)
5. Vowels
6. Nasals (p257) (resonate) - Consonants
-
一.
1. Stops
(1). affricates: c, j
(2). nasals: m, n, ng
2. Fricatives
f, v, th, thi, s, z, s, z
3. Liquids: l, r
4. Glides: w, j
二. (p 258)
1. Consonantal
2. Glides: w, j
3. Glottal: h - The class of Vowels
-
1. Oral and nasal vowels
2. Part of the Tongue involved
front, central, back vowels
3. Tongue Height
high, mid, low vowels - Consonantal
-
除了j, w, h (Nonconsonantal)
之外,
1. Glides: j, w
2. Glottal: h - Nonconsonantal
-
1. Glides: j, w
2. Glottal: h - Labials
-
1. Bilabials: p, b, m
2. Labiodentals: f, v - Coronals
-
一.
1. Alveolars: t, d, n, s, z,l
(1). Alevolars: t, d, n, s, z
(2). liquids: 1
2. Palatals: s, z, c, j
(1). Palatals: s, z
(2). Affricates: c, j
3. Some articulations of r
(liquids)
二.
1. Sibilants: s, z, s, z, c, j
2. Alveolars: t, d, n, l - Anterior
-
(1). Labials
1. Bilabials: p, b, m
2. Labiodentals: f, v
(2). Interdentals: th, thi
(3). Alveolars: t, d, n, s, z - Anteriors + Coronals
- Alveolars: t, d, n, s, z
- Labials + Anterior
-
(1). Labials
1. Bilabials: p, b, m
2. Labiodentals: f, v - Sibilants
-
1. Affricates: c, j
2. Fricatives: s, z, s, z - Syllabic
-
1. The diacritic mark under
the l, r, m, n,
2. consonants
Liquids: l, r
Nasal: m, n
3. Placing a schwa [2] before
the syllabic liquid or nasal
also shows that thses are separate syllables.