Learning and Emotions
Terms
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- Learning
- A change in an organisms behavior due to experience
- Classical Conditioning
- Learning through association (Pavlov)
- Spontaneous recovery
- After a time lapse, it is the reappearance of a weakened CR
- Operant Conditioning
- Behavior is strengthened through reinforcement (skinner)
- Shaping
- The process of reinforcing successive approximations to a desired behavior
- Reinforcement
- any event that increases the likelihood of a response that it follows
- Extinction
-
diminshing of a conditioned response
(stop pairing the food with a bell)
How to stop a CR - Generalization
- Tendancy to respond to a stimuli similar to CS
- Discrimination
- Learned ability to distinguish btwn. CS and other irrelevant stimuli
- Punishment
- The process by which the aversive consequences decrease behavior
-
Punishment or negative reinforcement?
The delivery of a shock - Punishment
-
Punishment or negative reinforcement?
Termination of a shock - Negative reinforcement
- Side effects of Punishment
-
Suppression of behavioral activity
Triggers strong emotional response
Increase aggressive behavior - How to make punishment more effective
-
Immediate
Not to harsh, not too easy
Explaination
Consistent - Clyde Wearing
- 2 minutes of memory
- SI Shereshevski
-
Could recall every convo he has ever had
70-100 strings of numbers - Mahadevan
- 812 digits of PI
- Haragushi
- 82,431 digits of PI
- Levels of encoding
-
Visual
Acoustical
Symantical
(Process of getting info into memory) - Iconic Memory
- photographic or picture image memory; visual only last 1/4 to 1/2 of second
- Eidetic Imagery
- Picture image memory that lasts for a couple of minutes
- Echoic Memory
- Sensory memory of auditory stimuli, lasts 2-4 seconds
- Flashbulb Memory
- Clarity for our memories of surprise, significant events
- Short term
- Limited storage capacity, and frequently involves acoustic encoding (remember: seven plus or minus two)
- Long term memory
- Stores vast amounts of information
- Retrieval
- Getting information out of memory storage
- Mnemonic Devices
- Cluster, Chunking, Hiarchy
- Emotions
- Involve physiological arousal, outer expression, and conscious experience
- Primary Emotion
-
Universal, biological
Fear
Anger
Joy
Disgust
Surprise
Sadness - Self Conscience Emotion (SCE)
-
Require mental reflection, 2-3 year of life
Guilt, shame, embarassment - Non-Self Conscience Emotion (NSCE)
- A
- James Lange
- Emotion results from the perception of one's own bodily reaction
- Cannon-Baird
- Emotion originates in the thalamus of the brain, which controls both emotional feelings and behavior
- 2 factor
- Emotions depend on both physiological arousal and a cognitive interpretation or evaluation of that arousal
- Common Sense Theory
- You have emotions, then you tremble
- Lie Detector Tests detect...
- Breathing, pulse rate, Blood Pressure, perspiration