Joints 2
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Fibrous
- Fibrous conn. tissue btwn bones
- Cartilaginous
- Cartilage btwn bones
- Synovial
- Jt. cavity present; all freely movable
- Synarthrosis
- Immovable jts. (no movement)
- Amphiarthrosis
- Slight Movement
- Diarthrosis
- Freely movable; all synovial
- Fibrous joints
- Fibrous conn. tissue btwn. art. bones; little no movement
- Suture (fibrous joints)
- Dense fibrous conn. tissue
- Syndesmosis
- ligament; has more space btwn. bones
- Movement of suture
- Synarthrotic
- Example of suture
- btwn. many skull bones
- Synostosis
- Dense irr. fibrous conn. tissue; occurs across a suture line; is also synarthrotic (no movement)example is the frontal or metopic suture in the frontal bone
- Movement of Syndesmosis
- Amphiarthrosis
- Example of syndesmosis
- distal end of tibia and fibula; interosseous membrane (ligament)
- Gomphosis
- Socket present
- Movement of gomphosis
- synarthrosis
- Example of gomphosis
- roots of teeth within alveolar sockets
- Cartilaginous joints
-
Synchondrosis
Symphosis - Synchondrosis
- Hyaline cartilage present
- Movement of Synchondrosis
- synarthrosis
- Example of Synchondrosis
- epiphyseal plate (hyaline cartilage at beginning but then turns into bone)
- Symphosis
- Fibrocartilage present btwn. bones
- Movement of symphosis
- amphiarthrosis
- Example of Symphosis
- pubic symphysis; intervertebral discs
- Synovial joints
-
Synovial cavity
Articular cartilage
Articular capsule
Accessory ligaments
Articular discs (menisci) - Synovial joints structure
- Space btwn. articulating bones lined with synovial membrane; synovial fluid in joint cavity
- Synovial cavity
- a space btwn the articulating bones; move freely; diarthrosis
- Articular caritilage of synovial joints
- hyaline
- Articular capsule
- surrounds a synovial joint; encloses synovial cavity, and unites articulating bones; 2 layers; fibrous capsule and synovial
- Fibrous capsule (outer layer)
- Dense irr. conn. tissue; called ligament if fibers strong and parallel
- Synovial membrane (inner layer)
- inner layer of synovial cavity; composed of areolar conn. tissue with elastic fibers; includes articular fad pad
- Synovial fluid
- Lubricates, anti-abrasive; nourshment
- Accesory ligaments
-
extracapsular ligaments
intracapsular ligaments - extracapsular ligaments
- Lie outside articular capsule
- Intracapsular ligaments
- Inside articular capsule but not in it cavity due to fold of synovial membranes
- Articular discs (menisci)
- knee pads of fibrocartilage lie btwn. the articular surfaces of the bone and are attached to the fibrous capsule
- Torn cartilage
- The tearing of articular discs in the knee, commonly among athletes
- Meniscectomy
- To cut menisci disc
- Bursae
-
Sim. to synovial jt.
Sac like
outer fibrous membrane lined with a synovial membrane - Tendon Sheaths
- tubelike bursae that wrap around tendons that experience considerable friction. Occurs where tendons pass through synovial cavities, such as the tendon of the biceps brachius
- Synovial Joints (types)
-
Planar
Hinge
Pivot
Condyloid
Saddle
Ball and Socket - Planar joints
- One flat slightly curved surface slides (glides) past another
- Axis of movement of Planar joints
- nonaxial
- Hinge Joints
- Convex surface fits into concave surface; movements involve and angle change
- Axis of movement (hinge)
- Monaxial
- Pivot joints
- Round or pointed structure fits into "ring like" structure made of bone and ligaments
- Axis of movement (pivot)
- monaxial
- Condyloid (elliposoidal) joints
- Convex oval shaped projection fits into oval depression
- Axis of movement (Condyloid)
- biaxial
- Saddle Joints
- Like rider in saddle
- Axis of movement (saddle)
- biaxial
- Ball and socket joints
- Ball-like projection fits into a cuplike cavity
- gliding, angular, rotation, special movement
- Movements at synovial joints
- Gliding movements
- flat bone surfaces move back and forth and from side to side with respect to one another
- nonaxial
- gliding movements
- Ex. of gliding movements
-
btwn. wrists
btwn. carpals - Angular (hinge) movements
- increase or decrease in the angle btwn. articulating bones.
- Ex. of Angular movements
-
Flexion
Extension
Hyperextension
Abduction
Adduction
Circumduction - Flexion
- decrease angle btwn. 2 bones
- Extension
- increase of angle btwn. 2 bones
- Hyperextension
- going back beyond 180' (double jointed)
- Abduction
- movement of a bone away from the midline of the body
- Adduction
- movement toward midline of body
- Circumduction
- distal bone and move it in a circle
- Rotation
- a bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis.
- Medial rotation
- towards midline
- away from midline
- Lateral rotation
- Special movements
-
inversion
eversion
dorsiflexion
Plantar flexion
Protraction
Retraction
Elevation
Depression
Pronation
Supination
Opposition - inversion
- medial mov. of the soles so that they face eachother
- eversion
- lateral movement of the soles so that they face away from eachother
- dorsiflexion
- Bending of the foot in the direction of the dorsum
- Plantar flexion
- Bending of the foot in the direction of the plantar surface
- Protraction
- Ant. mov. of a body part in the transverse plane
- Retraction
- Post. mov. of a body part in the transverse plane
- Elevation
- Superior movement of a body part
- Depression
- Inf. mov. of a body part
- Pronation
- mov. of the forearm that turns the palm posteriorly
- Supination
- Movement of the forearm that runs the palm anteriorly
- Opposition
- Movement of the thumb accross the palm to touch fingertips on the same hand