History Ch 13
Terms
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- Christian humanism
- Encourages human freedom and individualism.
- Desiderius Erasmus
- Dutch Renaissance scholar and Roman Catholic theologian who sought to revive classical texts.
- Thomas More
- Best known as the author of "Utopia."
- Absenteeism
- Being repeatedly absent for your duty.
- Benefice
- An endowed church office giving income to its holder.
- Martin Luther
- German monk who started the Protestant Reformation.
- Indulgences
- Payment for the pardon of temporal punishment due for sin.
- Leo X
- Pope who excommunicated Martin Luther.
- Diet of Worms
- Meeting of the assembly of the Holy Roman Empire at Worms, Ger., where Martin Luther defended the Reformation.
- Peasants' War
- Peasant uprising in Germany inspired by the Reformation.
- HRE Charles V
- Holy Roman emperor who summoned the Diet of Worms and the Council of Trent.
- Francis I
- Holy Roman emperor (1745–65).
- Hapsburg-Valois Wars
- Series of violent wars for control of Italy.
- Schmalkaldic League
- Defensive alliance of Protestant states of the Holy Roman Empire.
- Peace of Augsburg
- Temporary settlement within the Holy Roman Empire of the religious conflict arising from the Reformation.
- Ulrich Zwingli
- Swiss religious reformer who believed in absolute authority of the Bible.
- Anabaptists
- A member of a radical movement of the Reformation that believed in the separation of church from state.
- Henry VIII
- King of England (1509–1547).
- Thomas Cromwell
- English politician who proposed the legislation that established the monarch as head of the church.
- Edward VI
- King of England and Ireland. The son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour.
- Mary Tudor
- Queen of England and Ireland whose persecution of Protestants earned her the nickname “Bloody Mary.â€
- John Calvin
- Geneva-based leader of the Protestant Reformation.
- Predestination
- Predetermined fate.
- The Geneva Consistory
- An assembly of cardinals presided over by the pope for papal acts, such as the canonization of a saint.
- Catholic/Counter Reformation
- A reform movement within the Roman Catholic Church that arose in response to the Protestant Reformation.
- Saint Teresa of Avila
- Spanish Carmelite nun, mystic, and saint.
- Oratory of Divine Love
- The Oratory of Divine Love is an apostolate encouraged by the Confraternity of Penitents.
- Ignatius Loyola
- Spanish ecclesiastic who founded the Jesuits and was a leader of the Counter Reformation.
- Pope Paul III
- Pope who initiated the Catholic Reformation and accepted the Jesuit order into the Church.
- Council of Trent
- 19th ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic church.
- Catherine de' Medici
- Queen of France as the wife of Henry II.
- Politiques
- A head of state who puts politics before their religion.
- St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
- Murder of French Huguenots in Paris by Catholics.
- Henry IV
- Holy Roman emperor and king of Germany who continually struggled for power with Pope Gregory VII.
- Edict of Nantes
- Law by Henry IV of France to grant religious liberty and full civil rights to the Protestant Huguenots.
- Philip II
- King of Spain and Portugal.
- Duke of Alva
- Spanish general and administrator.
- Elizabeth I
- The daughter of King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn.
- The Spanish Armada
- Spanish-controlled fleet which sailed against England in 1588.