History 1 1763-1765
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- How did the Great War for Empire change the British and colonial relationship?
- Left Britain in control of Eastern North Amercia but also under a lot of debt. they were forced to tax the colonists and move to a more central and imperial form of government. It also exposed the weak political position of the British officials. They began strict enforcement.
- Revenue Act
- To prevent bribery of colonial merchants trying to avoid paying duties from the Molasses Act of 1773. This tightened up teh customs service. Also told the Navy to seize goods between France and the colonies.
- Why had the British deployed a large army in the colonies during peacetime in 1763?
- King George III needed somewhere to put a large army and someone to pay for them and they discouraged any rebllion from French in Canada. Also restrained Indians from crossign the Proclamation Line of 1763. Main purpose was to "secure Dependence of the colonies on Great Britain".
- Lord Bute
- Became prime minister in 1760 and needed to rise taxes to stop debt. Bute taxed the underrepresented and poor class. Question was to tax colonists or not.
- Excise levies
- What the military increased according to Lord Bute. Taxes on good by King to decrease the cost of Imperial management.
- Radical Whigs
- Opposition party to Parliament that challenged cost of growing Empire. Demanded bettter representation.
- Rotten Boroughs
- Tiny districts whose voters were controlled by the wealthy.
- George Grenville
- Became Prime minister in in 1763. Passed Currency Act in 1764 which protected British merchants by banning the use of paper money (worth less than face value).
- Vice-admiralty courts
- Maritime tribunals composed oa a judge. Now the offenders of the Sugar Act would be tried harsher in this court. The Sugar Act brought about Constitutional Issues.
- Who defended John Hancock, the merchant, on his charge of smuggling?
- John Adams, a young Massachussetts lawyer.
- How did the British react?
- They insisted on the supremacy of Parliamentary laws
- Plan for Stamp Act
- Would cover cost of British troops in America. Required small embossed marking on all paper items. He was confident of Parliament's support. Benjamin Franklin was in Britain as a rep. from Penn. and he proposed American representation in Parliament. They argued that they were "Virtually Represented" or that merchants had their interests in mind.
- Quartering Act
- Request of Gerneral Thomas Gage to provide barracks and food to British troops. Also, Parliament approved that violations to Stamp Act would be tried in Vice-Admiralty courts.