Hepatic alterations
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Where is bile produced?
- In the liver
- Where is bile stored?
- In the gallbladder
- How much bilecan the gallbladder hold?
- 2 oz or 60 cc
- Meds are metabolized by the _______ and excreted by the _______?
-
liver
kidneys - What are signs and symptomsofhigh amonialevles inthebody?
-
Confusion
Loss of memorFy
Forgetfullness - Whatis caused by high bilirubenin the blood?
- Jaundice
-
From excessive RBC destruction
erythroblastosis fetalis (death from RBC destruction) - Prehepatic
-
Within the liver
Hepatitis or cirrhosis - Intra Hepatic
-
Obstruction of bile
cholithiasis (gall stones) - Post Hepatic
- Bilirubenis attractedto elastic tissue.
- sclera of the eye.
- When does a person recieve Hepatitis vaccine?
- First injection, then 1 month later,then6months from 1st injection.
- Hepatitis A, route, incubation, seriological marker.
-
Fecal-oral route
15-45 days incubation
IgM - Hepatitis B incubation, serological markers.
-
40-180 days
HBcAG, HBeAG, HBsAG - How big will the area be after titer if antibodies present?
- 640:1
- What are main causes of Hepatitis C?
-
Blood and body fluids
tattoos and drugs - Where is hepatitis D mostly found?
- In drug users.
- How does cirrhosis effect aldosterone levels?
- The aldosterone levels decrease.
- How does albumin and aldosterone effect ascites?
-
Aldosterone may causethe bp to rise with ascites so they are to stay in lyingposition.
Albumin is given to maintain effective circulating volume. - icchymosis is bruising from what?
- d?effiency ofvitamin K
- How does B12 and folic acid deffiency effect hemoglobin?
- Causes low hemoglobin which leads to anemia.
- What causes testicular atrophy?
-
to much estrogen
not enough testosterone - Normal potassium level
- 3.5-4.5
- Lowpotassiumis hypokalemia
- relates to aldosterone
- What is the first change in liver with alcohol?
- fibrotic and necrotic
- Hepatic Encepalopathy is from what?
- High amonia levels
- How does a pt act with hepatic Encepalopathy?
-
confused
impaired memory
early sign is personality change - How does lactulose work?
- Draws amonia from stool, side effect is stinky poop.
- How do you know if lactulose is working?
- Drop inamonia levels.
- Neomyacin reduces what in intestines?
- Bacteria
- Hepatic Encepalopathy cannot have what?
- narcotics because of OD
- Cirrhosis from severe hepatitis is what?
- Biliary Cirrhosis
- Liver function test in ptwith viral hepatitis is what?
- Serum Transamanase
- What are signs and symptoms of a fatty liver? (accumulation of fat in hepatocytes or called steatosis
- Liver becomes yellowand enlarges,excessive fat accumulation s&s are:asymtomatic or nonspecific symptoms
- What causes portal HTN?
- obstruction of blood flow
- What is the most commoncause of Laennec's cirrhosis?
- alcohol
- What is saltfor albumin?
- Is a volume expander given for hypovolemia, salt poor given forthose with saltrestriction.
- Why are diuretics given to pts with liver failure?
- Prevent further ascites
- What is esophageal varicies is not treated?
- Will rupture and pt could die.
- What is the procedure calledthat removesfluid from ascites?
- paracentesis
- ascites maintained by what?
- Measurement of abdominal girth.
- common side effect of paracentesis is?
-
Bleeding
Infection - Portal HTn
- sleepomegely
- What is asterixis
- flapping tremors with hepatic encephalophy
- What is suspectedneurotoxin for asterixix?
- High amonia levels, treated with neomyacin to eridacate bacteria from the bowels.
- Lactulose causes what
-
Large loose stoolswith low pH.
catabolizes amonia - can you have liver cancer by itsself?
- It is rareto have alone.
- Not functioning at 50% or better, bile thick
- Sludge
- Sludge causes what?
- gallbladder to adhere to liver, causes cancer and choliectitis.