Gross anatomy-abdomen
Terms
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- Umbilicus Levels
- L3 and L4
- Processus Vaginalis
- Portion of peritoneum that remains with testes when they descend into scrotum
- 2 layers of superficial fascia
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Campers
Scarpa's - Campers fascia
- Fatty layer of superficial fascia, found throughout the abdomen
- Scarpa's fascia
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Lower 1/3 of anterior abdominal wall
-Intersects with fascia lata at inguinal ligament - External abdominal oblique muscle
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Origin - border of thoracic ribs T5-T12
Insertion- linea alba, iliac crest
Fiber direction - hands in pockets - Aponeurosis portion of external abdominal oblique forms
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Inguinal ligament
Superficial inguinal ring - Superficial inguinal ring allows passage of
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Spermatic cord in males
round ligament of uterus in females - Superficial inguinal ring is made of
- Lateral and medial crus, intercrural fibers separate them
- Internal abdominal oblique
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Origin -ribs 7-12
Insert - along inguinal ligament to pubic crest
Fiber direction - inferolateral - Transversus abdominus
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Deep most layer of flat muscles
Also borders on ribs 7-12, extends down to pubic crest and linea alba
Creates diagonal pathway for spermatic cord or round ligament to pass through
Fiber direction - transverse - Rectus Abdominis is different from all other abdominal muscles because its a ....
- Straight muscle
- Rectus abdominis passes from
- Xyphoid process to pubic symphysis
- Rectus sheath
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Holds rectus abdominis in place
Made by three aponeuroses - of external abdominal oblique, internal abd oblique and transversus abdominis - Arcuate line divides
- upper 3/4 of abdomen from lower 3/4 of abdomen
- Peritoneum fnction
- secretes serous fluid that allows frictionless movement of organs
- What is the best place to make surgical cut and not to hit any nerves
- Linea alba
- Nervous supply of anterior wall
- Ventral rami of T7-T12, L1
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Ilioinguinal nerve
1. Where it goes
2. what it supplies -
Goes through inguinal canal with spermatic cord and round ligament
Supplies scrotum or labia majora and medial aspect of thigh - Iliohypogastric nerve
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Directly superior to ilioinguinal
Innervates suprapubic area - Arterial supply of anterior wall
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Superior epigastric- runs directly over rectus abdominis
Inferior epigastric
Superficial epigastric - Which vessels are in danger when draining peritoneal fluid
- Superior or inferior epigastric veins
- Inguinal canal is formed by
- aponeuroses of three flat abdominal muscles
- Hasselbachs triangle
- is area of weakness in aponeuroses where direct hernias can occur
- Borders of Hasselbachs triangle
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Rectus abdominis
Inferior epigastric artery
Inguinal ligament - Conjoint tendon is formed by
- joining of aponeurosis of internal oblique and transversus muscles
- Direct inguinal hernia
- Gut goes straight through Hasselbachs triangle, through conjoint tendon
- Indirect inguinal hernia
- Gut goes through the inguinal canal
- Indirect hernia can be
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Congenital - born with it
Acquired - obesity, pregnancy, surgery, ascites - Peritoneal cavity is closed in males or females?
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Males
In females opens into cervix and vagina, making a potential space for pathogens to enter - Lesser omentum
- Peritoneum along lesser curvature of stomach, covering pancreas
- Mesentery
- Two layers of peritoneum opposing one another
- What usually goes in mesentery
- Vessels and nerves
- THE mesentery connects
- small intestine to posterior abdominal wall
- Root of mesentery
- is where mesentery connects to posterior wall