Geology143 Lab Midterm 2
Terms
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- Characteristics of Phylym Chordata...
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a hollow dorsal neural tube
a notochord
gill slits - Characteristic of Subphylum Vertebrata
- notochord is surrounded by or replaced by vertebrae.
- 4 characteristics of Agnathans
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primitive
lacks jaw
cartilaginous skeleton
weak swimmers - 3 Characteristics of a Placodermi
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primitive jawed fish
armored with bony external skeleton - 4 Characteristics of Chondrichthyes
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well developed jaw
cartilaginous internal skeleton
bony teeth
open gill slits - 4 characteristics of Acanthodii
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early jawed fish
streamlined
ventral row of spines
no bony armor plates, but some internal ossification - 3 characteristics of Osteichtheyes
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dominant fish today
bony internal skeleton
air balder - Two Groups of Osteichtheyes are...
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Actinopterygians(ray finned)
Sarcopterygians (lobe finned) - 2 characteristics of Actinopterygians?
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fins comprised of hard organic material (rays)
dominant today - Characteristic of Sarcopterygians and example?
- pelvic and pectoral fins are fleshy and have bony central axis. Lungfish.
- characteristic of tetrapods
- bony limbs specialized for walking.
- Two major lineages of surviving tetrapods
- amphibia and amniota
- characteristics of amphibia
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have to lay eggs in water
possess gills early and then lungs
moist skin that aids respiration - Two groups of amniota
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reptilia
synapsida - 4 basic skull types of amniotes, how many and where holes are, example.
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anapsida none turtles
synapsida 1 below humans
euryasida 1 above extinct
diasida 1 above 1 below lizards and dinosaurs - Two types of dinosaur hips
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saurcischia (lizard)
Ornithuschia (bird) - What are the skull openings called and what are their purpose?
- temporal fenestrae. They allow room for the jaw muscles to expand and for improved muscle attachment
- Saurischia dinos
- theropoda, sauropodomorpha
- Ornithischia dinos
- Stegosauria, Ankylosauria, Ornithopoda, Ceratopsia, Pachycephalosauria
- theropoda
- Bipedal, carnivorous. T-Rex
- sauropodomorpha
- long neck, brachosaurous
- Stegosauria
- stegosaurous
- Ankylosauria
- four legged. well armoured. bony plates
- Ornithopoda
- unarmoured, may have walked on four legs and ran on two.
- Ceratopsia
- Triceratops
- Pachycephalosauria
- Bipedalwith thichk, bony, skull dome.
- Three lineages of flying tetrapods
- Pterosauria, Aves, Chiroptera
- Oldest bird
- Archaeopteryx
- 5 mammal skull traits
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enlarged brain case
single external nare
secondary plate for breathing and eating at the same time
single jaw bone
differentiated teeth - 4 types of mammal teeth
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incisors
canine
premolars
molars - difference between grazer and browser molars
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grazers have flat ridged molars
browsers have crowns and cusps. - Mammal Classifications
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Prototheria
Allotheria
Theria
Metatheria
Eutheria - Prototheria
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primitive amniote features
lay eggs
platypus and anteater - Allotheria
- Rodent-like omnivores
- Metatheria
- Marsupials
- Eutheria
- placental mammals
- Characteristics of Platyrrhini
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New World Monkeys
found in Central and South America
Tail used as fifth limb
Relatively short arms
lack of opposable thumb - Characteristics of Cercopithecoidea
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Old World Monkeys
Found in Africa and Asia
Lack of prehensile tail - Name the epochs in the cenozoic era
- paleocene, ecocene, oligocene, miocene, pliocene, pleistocene, holocene
- Classification of humans
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K. Animalia
P. Chordata
SP. Vertebrata
CL. Mamalia
SC. Eutheria
O. Primates
F. Hominidae
G. Homo
S. sapien