Geography Study Guide
Terms
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- What are some problems in Megapolis?
-
preserving rural character
air pollution
disposal of sewage and toxic waste materials - What factor influences climate the most?
- latitude
- culture traits
- an activity or behavior repeatedly practiced by people in a given culture
- What are two causes of conflict?
-
Nationalism
Religion
Traditional vs. Modern values
Politics
Economics - Is the population of South America growing or declining?
- they are experiencing rapid population growth
- What is South America's largest climate zone? Is this the largest in the world?
- Humid tropical region and yes this is the largest in the world
- Where are the pampas and llanos plains found?
-
Pampas-Argentina
llanos: Columbia and Venezuela - labor intensive
- requires a large work force; for example industries that manufacture export products
- Who were the first Europeans in Canada?
- French
- What were the first countries to establish colonies in South America?
-
Spain
Portugal - What is the culture of Quebec?
- A French culture; called little Paris
- meteorology
- science that deals with the atmosphere, weather, and weather forecasting
- trench
- a long deep valley on the ocean floor cause by subduction
- cartographers
- person who makes maps
- human geography
- the study of how people and their activities vary from place to place
- physical geography
- the study of how the earth's natural features vary from place to place
- Who employs cartographers?
- Companies that produce maps, atlases, newspapers and nearly all government agencies
- totalitarian government
- a government in which only one or a few people decide what is best for everyone in the society
- Quota
- the limit on the amount on a particular good that can be imported
- urbanization
- a growth in the proportion of people living in towns and cities
- commercial farms
- farms on which people grow crops for sale, usually large farms using modern technology
- subsistence farms
- the type of farms in which people grow food mostly for their own use
- Rotation
- The act of the earth turning around its axis, it causes day and night and takes 12 hours
- Equinox
- either of the two times each year about March 21 and September 23 when the sun appears overhead at the equator and day and night are everywhere of equal length
- lithosphere
- the outer part of the solid earth
- hydrosphere
- the surface waters of the earth and the water vapor in the atmosphere
- biosphere
- the part of the world in which life can exist
- atmosphere
- the whole mass of air surrounding the earth
- In summer in the northern hemisphere, the suns rays would strike where?
- Near the Tropic of cancer or north of the equator
- What is the longest day of the year?
- June solstice
- What is the shortest day of the year?
- December solstice
- Region
- an area with more common characteristics than differences
- location
- deals with where places and regions are located; defined in terms of absolute and relative location
- Landforms and climates are examples of what type of geography?
- physical geography
- landforms
- a shape on the earths surface
- How are mountains created?
- The bending and breaking of rock layers creates folds and faults. These folds and faults then create mountains
- subarctic climate
-
long cold winters, short, warm summers
extremes of temperatures - marine-West coast climate
- cloudy mild summers and cool, rainy winters
- What climate is most changeable?
- humid-continental climate
- Areas near the equator experience what kind of climate?
-
low-latitude climates
warm temperatures and a large amount of rainfall year round - Where are prairies found?
- The great plains
- doldrums
- calm areas with no prevailing winds along the equator
- Low pressure areas
-
equatorial low pressure
subpolar low pressure - What is the center of the solar system?
- The sun
- Most of the sun's energy is absorbed by what?
- gases in the atmosphere
- Erosion
- the action or process of eroding; the wearing away of land by water, wind or ice
- fault
- a break in the earth's crust accompanied by a displacement of rock masses parallel to the break
- fold
- a bend produced in rock
- Delta
- the triangular or fan-shaped piece of land made by deposits of mud and sand at the mouth of a river
- truck farm
- farms where products can easily be trucked to city markets; found in New Jersey, Delaware and Maryland
- Anthracite coal
- hard coal found in eastern Pennsylvania
- What caused the growth of Megalopolis?
- ongoing commercial and industrial growth of the Atlantic seaboard
- Break of bulk
- a place where shipments of goods are moved from one mode of transportation to another; such as from train to ship
- Pangea
- when all the continents were linked as one supercontinent
- abyssal plain
- a large flat area on the ocean floor
- What is absolute location?
- exact spot on earth where something is located. Expressed in latitude and longitude
- Define human environment interaction
- people interacting with their surroundings.
- Place
- special characteristics that differ one place or spot from another
- Domestication
- learning how to grow or tame plants and animals
- Dairy Belt
-
located north of the Corn Belt.
Wisconsin, Michigan, and Minnesota - Textile Industry
- 90% of the textile industry is in the Southern United States...Georgia, North and South Carolina, and Virginia
- Where is there poverty in the Southern States?
- There is high unemployment and poverty in the Appalacia, the lower Mississippi Valley and the MidAtlantic States
- What is the future economic growth of New England states predicted to be?
-
Economic growth has to be balanced with the impact on the environment.
Controlling acid rain and over population and pollution are concerns - Climate of the New England States
-
humid continental climate
Long hard winters, hurricanes, warm summers - Service industries
- Service industries are those that provide services to consumers rather than products..such as carpet cleaning, etc.
- Pennisula
- a landform bordered by water on three sides (upper pennisula of Michigan is surrounded by three lakes and attached on one side to Canada)
- Coastal Plains
- area that stretches along the Atlantic Ocean from New to the Gulf of Mexico.
- First settlement in U.S.
-
Native Americans 10-40 thousand years ago.
Then Vikings in 1100 - Basin
- low area of land generally surrounded by mountains
- How much of U.S. is forested?
- 1/3 of the United States is forested
- What are the western most states?
-
Washington
Oregon
Alaska
California
Hawaii - What is the greenhouse effect?
- sunlight is changed into heat energy the by earth's surface and trapped in the atmosphere by pollution destroying the ozone layer keeping the earth warm
- Climate of Southern States
- climate is humid-subtropical with long hot and humid summers and mild winters
- What are the climates of the U.S.?
-
Northeast-humid-continental
Southeast-humid subtropical
Tip of Florida-tropical savanna
Hawaii humid tropical &tropical savanna
Great Plains (west) steppe
Interior west-higland and desert
Pacific coast-Mediterranean & marine west coast
Alaska-subartic and tundra
NO ICE CAP climate is U.S - industrialization
- the process in which manufacturing based on machine power becomes widespread in an area