Foundation of Nursing Ch 12
Terms
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- "clean technique" techniques that stop growth of pathogenic microorganisms. (Handwashing, changing bed linens)
- Medical asepsis
- surgical asepsis
- Destroys ALL microorganisms and their spores (fungi protozoa). (Surgical wounds, tools for surgery)
- Infectious process includes
- 1. infectious agent, reservoir, exit route, method of transmission, entrance, host
- Infectious agent
- bacteria: a pathogen
- Spores
- grown without oxygen (anaerobic)
- Anthrax
- spore forming bacterium causes ACUTE infectious disease; 3 forms - skin, inhalation, gastrointestinal
- Virus
- smallest known agent. virus may gain entrance to the body through the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, skin, injected by mosquito, or hypodermic needle.
- Fungi
- most common diseases in humans. yeasts and molds. common in cnildren's scalp.
- protozoa
- single cell animal living everywhere. Found in intestinal tract, genitourinary tract, respiratory tract, and circulatory system
- reservoir
- a natural habitat for a microorgansim to live; includes oxygen, food, water, temp., pH, light. ex. soiled or wet dressing, bedside stand, urinary drainage bags
- exit route
- a microorganism CANNOT cause disease to another host unless it finds a point of exscape from the reservoir. Exit routes in humans are: gastrointestinal, respiratory, genitourinary, tissue, blood. (output, coughing, STD)
- Method os transmission
- "vehicle" that is contaminated. non-living objects: fomite (ie. stethescope, needle, soiled dressing, glass). living character: vector
- When beds are made, linens should not be shaken. T or F
- True. You can easily spread microorganisms.
- infectious agent, reservoir, exits, transmission, enterance, host
- infectious process
- What is our body's first line of defense?
- intact skin; provides barrier to micoorganism
- nosocomial infections
- infections acquired in a hospital at least 12 hrs after admission.
- 2 types of nosocomial infestion?
- exogenous; infection is an infection casued by another person. endogenous is and infection caused by the patient's own microorganism like a patient's feces transferred to a skin wound by hands.
- 2 tier approach to transmission-based precautions
- 1st tier; standard precautions. 2nd tier; airborne (TB), droplet, and contact precautions
- Precautions for patient with TB
- single room, doors closed at all times with exception of entering and exiting, negative pressure monitered, neg. pressure air flow, 6 air changes per hr, HEPA filter (reduce number of droplet nuclei), wear mask when out of room
- color for airborne precautions signs
- yellow and purple
- Disinfection does not destroy spores. T or F
- true
- Sterilization does not kill spores. T or F
- false; kills all microorganisms including spores
- 2 types of sterilazation?
- 1. physical; radiation and heat (steam under pressure, boiling water)2. chemical; solutions, antiseptic, disinfectants (iodine, alcohol, bleach)