Glossary of Emotional and Personality Development Ch9
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- The SELF
Erickson Theory
Conflict #3:
Initiative vs. Guilt - Early childhood
Conscience developes
Able to hear inner self
i. self-observation
ii. self-guidance
iii. self-punishment
CONFLICT:
Freedom and opportunity supports INITIATIVE
GUILT develops if child's enthusiasm and curiosity is squelched
- SELF understanding
SELF CONCEPT - starts @ 18 mos - end of 2 yrs
Self description focuses on physical characteristics, physical actins, material possessions, called active dimension
- Piaget's view on Moral Reasoning Development
1st of 2 stages - Heteronomous: 4-7 yrs old
child doesn't look at the intention..things are B&W.
Rule broken means punishment.
Rules have unchangeable properties, thus people can't change them
- Piaget's view on Moral Reasoning Development
2nd of 2 stages - Autonomous: 10 yrs old
Child realizes rules are made by people and can be changed.
Before judging an action need to look at intention
- What is moral development?
- involves thought, feelings, and behaviors regarding rules and conventions.
It involves INTERpersonal and INTRApersonal components.
- Moral behavior and self control
- Self control is an important aspect of understanding children's moral behavior. to achieve self control, they must learn to be patient and delay gratification
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What are the parenting styles -
Authorative
Authoratarian
Indulgent
Neglect
- What will children by like under
AUTHORATIVE parenting style - Cheerful, self-controlled, self-reliant, achievement oriented, cooperate w/adults, cope well under stress
- What will children by like under
AUTHORITARIAN parenting style - anxious about themselves and w/others, FAIL TO INITIATE activites, weak communication skills
- What will children by like under
INDULGENCE parenting style - may be impulsive, aggressive,domineering,non-compliant, never learn self-control, rarely learn to respect others, have difficulty controlling their behaviors, have difficulties w/peer relationships
- What will children by like under
NEGLECT parenting style - Often are immature, may be alienated from the family, socially incompetent, poor self-esteem, poor self-control, don't handle independence well
- PEER RELATIONS
what are their functions - - one of the most important func is to provide a source of info and comparison outside family.
Thus, GOOD peer relations can be necessary for normal social development
- PLAY FUNCTION
- It's engaged for its own sake
However, it also
-increases affiliation w/peers
-advances cognitive development
-increases exploration
-provides safe haven to explore and learn
-increase conversation and interaction
-practice roles they will probably assume later in life
- PLAY THERAPY
- -Allows child to work off frustrations
-Thru play, child can be analyzed for conflicts and coping issues
-child feels less threatened in play, thus can express true feelings
- PARTEN's Classifications of play
- play in childs SOCIAL world:
1-Unoccupied play
2-Solitary play
3- Onlooker play
4- Parallel play
5- Associative play
6- Cooperative play
- PARTEN's Classifications of play
Define: Unoccupied - Stands alone in 1 spot, looks around the room, or performs random movements that don't seem to hav a goal.
- PARTEN's Classifications of play
Define: Solitary - child plays alone and independently of others
- Mildred PARTEN's (1932) Classifications of play
Define: Onlooker - when the child watches other children play. May ask questions/talk to kids, but won't participate.
- PARTEN's Classifications of play
Define: Parallel - Child plays separately from others, but with toys like those the others are using or in a manner that mimics their play
- PARTEN's Classifications of play
Define: Associative - involves social interaction with little or no organization (no rules)
Children are more interested in each other than the activity: borrowing/lending toys, follow each other in lines, etc
- PARTEN's Classifications of play
Define: Cooperative - Social interaction in a group with a sense of group identity and organized activity (phototype for play in middle childhood).
- Bergen's types of play
Contemporary look at play
5 types - Emphasized on cognitive and social aspects
1-sensorimotor and practice
2-Pretense/Symbolic play
3-Social Play
4-Constructive Play
5-Games
- Bergen's types of play
Define
Semimotor and Practice Play - Semimotor: (infant stage: 9-24 mos.) pleasure from exercising their existing sensorimotor schemas
Practice play used to master new new skills/behaviors. Semimotor and Practice go hand-in-hand. But Practice play will stay throught life, where semimotor confined to infancy.
- Bergen's types of play
Define
Pretense/symbolic play - from 9-30 mos. child transforms objects to symbols. Imagination peaks at 4-5 yrs and then gradually declines
- Bergen's types of play
Define
Social Play - interact w/peers, rough 'n tough play...increasing dramatically during preschool years
- Bergen's types of play
Define
Constructive Play - Most common type of play in preschool years.
Combines semimotor, repetitive activities w/sympolic representation of ideas. They engage in self-regulated creatoin or construction of a product or problem solution.
Constructive play increases as symbolic play increases adn sensorimotor play decreased in preschool yrs.
- Bergen's types of play
Define
Games - Highest Level
include rules and are engaged-in for pleasure. Competition w/one another. The meaningfulness of challenge emerges in elementary school.