Glossary of Educational Psychology - Behaviorism
Deck Info
Description
Tags
Recent Users
Other Decks By This User
- Activity reinforcer
- An opportunity to engage n a favorite activity
- Antecedent response
- a response that increases the liklihoon that a certain other response will follow
- antecedent stimulus
- a stimulus that increases the liklihood that a particular response will follow
- applied behavior analysis (ABA)
- the systematic application of behavioristprinciples in educational and therapeutic settings; sometimes called behavior modification, behavior therapy, or contingency management
- backup reinforcer
- a reinforcer tha a student can "purchase" with one or more tokes earned in a token economy
- baseline
- The frequency of a response before operant conditioning takes place
- behavioral momentum
- an increased tendency for a learner to make a particulare response immediately after making similar responses
- behaviorism
- a theoretical perspective in which learning and behavior are described and explained in terms of stimulus-response relationships
- classical conditioning
- a form of learning whereby a new, involuntary response is acquired as a resulto of two stimuli being presented at the same time
- concrete reinforcer
- a reinforcer that can be touched
- conditioned response (CR)
- a response that, through classical conditioning, begins to elicit a particular response
- conditioning
- a term for "learning" commonly used by behaviorist
- contituity
- the occurence of two or more events at the same time
- contigency
- a situation in which one event happens only after another event has already occurred
- contingency contract
- a formal agreement between a teacher and a student that identifies behaviors the student will exhibit and the reinforcers that will follow
- continuous reinforcement
- reinforcement of a response every time it occurs
- cueing
- the use of signals to indicate that a certian behavior is desired or that a certain behavior should stop
- delay of gratification
- the ability to forgo small, immediate reinforcers in order to obtain larger ones later on
- descrimination
- a phenomenon in operant conditioning in which a student learns that a response is reinforced in the presence of one stimulus but not in the presence of another, similar stimulus
- extinction
- gradual disappearance of an acquired response.
- extrinsic reinforcer
- a reinforcer that comes from outside the environment, rather than from within the learner
- functional analysis
- exzamination of a learner's inappropriate behavior and its antecedents and consequences, to determine the functions that the behavior might serve for the learner
- generalization
- a phenomenon in which a person learns a response to a particular stimulus and then makes the same response to similar stimuli. In classical conditioning, it involves making a conditioned response to stimuli similare to a conditioned stimulus. In operant conditioning, it involves making a voluntary response to stimuli similar to a stimulus antecedent to a response-reinforcement contigency
- group contigency
- a situation in which everyone in a group must make a particulaar response before reinforcement occurs
- incompatible behaviors
- two ore more behaviors that cannot be performed simultaneously
- intermittent reinforcement
- reinforcement of a resopnse only occasionally, with some occurrences of teh response going unreinforced
- intrinsic reinforcer
- a reinforcer provided by oneself or inherent in the task being perfomred
- logical consequence
- a consequence that follows naturally or logically from a students's misbehavior; in other words, the punishment fits the crime
- negative reinforcement
- a consequence that brings about the increase of a behavior throught removal (rather than the presentation) of a stimulus
- neutral stimulus
- a stimulus that doesn not elicit any particular response
- operant conditioning
- a form of learning in which a response increases in frequency as a reult of its being followed by reinforcement
- positive behavioral support
- a variation of traditional applied behavior analysis that involves identifying the purposes of undesirable behaviors and providing alternative behaviors that more appropriately accomplish those purposes
- positive feedback
- a message that an answer is correct or a task has been done well
- premack principle
- a phenomenon in which students do less-preferred activities in order to engage in more-preferred activities
- presentations punishment
- punishment involving presentation of a new stimulus, presumably on a learner finds unpleasant
- primary reinforcer
- a consequence that satisifies a bioligically built-in need
- pyschological punishment
- a consequence that seriously threatens self-esteem
- punishment
- a consequence that decreases the frequency of the response it follows
- reinforcement
- the act of following a particular response with a reinforcer and thereby increasing the frequency of the response
- reinforcer
- a consequence (stimulus) of a response that leads to increased frequency of the response
- removal punishment
- punishment involving the removal of na existing stimulus, presumably one a learner views as desirable and doesnn't want to lose
- response (R)
- a specific behavior that and individual exhibits
- response cost
- the loss either of a previously earned reinforcer of of an opportunity ot obtain reinforcement
- secondary reinforcer
- a consequence that becomes reinforcing over time throught its assiciation with another reinforcer
- setting event
- a complex environmental condition in which a particulare behavior is most likely to occur
- shaping
- a process of reinforcing successively closer and closer approximations to a desired terminal behavior
- social reinforcer
- a gesture or sign that one person gives another, oftern to communicate positive regard
- Stimulus (S)
- a specific object or event that influences an individual's learning or behavior
- time-out
- a form of punishment in which a student is placed in a dull, boring situation with no opportunity for reinforcement or social interaction
- token economy
- a technique in which desired behaviors are reinforrced by tokesn that learners can use to purchase a variety of other reinforcers
- Unconditioned response (UCR)
- a response that, without prior learning, is elicited by a particulare stimulus
- Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
- a stimulus that, without priou learning, elicits a particular response
- verbal reprimand
- a csolding for inappropriate behavior