Drug Class - Central Nervous System Stimulants
Terms
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copy deck
- Name 5 CNS stimulants?
-
amphetamine
dexmethylphenidate
dextroamphetamine
methylphenidate
pemoline - delete
- delete
- CNS stimulants are used in the treatment of _____ and as adjunctive treatment in the management of ADHD.
- narcolepsy
- CNS stimulants produce CNS stimulation by increasing the levels of _____ in the CNS.
- neurotransmitters
- CNS stimulants produce six therapeutic conditions?
-
CNS stimulation
respiratory stimulation
dilated pupils
increased motor activity
mental alertness
diminished sense of fatigue - In children with ADHD, CNS stimulants decrease _____ and increase attention span.
- restlessness
- CNS stimulants should not be used in ____ or ____ women.
-
pregnant
lactating - CNS stimulants should not be used in hyperexcitable states. Avoid using in patients with psychotic personalities or suicidal-homicidal tendencies. Contraindicated in _______ and severe ______disease.
-
glaucoma
CARDIOVASCULAR - What conditions should CNS stimulants be used cautiously in? (4)
-
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
hypertension
diabetes mellitus
elderly or debilitated
patients - Continual use may result in psychological _____ or _____.
-
dependence
addiction - CNS stimulants have additive _____.
- sympathomimetic (adrenergic effects)
- Use with MAO inhibitors can result in ______ crises.
- hypertensive
- Alkalinizing the urine (name 2 agents)decreases excretion and enhances effects of amphetamines.
-
sodium bicarbonate
acetazolamide - Acidification of the urine (name 2 agents) decreases the effect of amphetamines. Phenothiazines may also decrease effects.
-
ammonium chloride
large doses of ascorbic acid - Methylphenidate may decrease the metabolism and increase effects of these 3 drugs?
-
warfarin
anticonvulsants
tricyclic antidepressants - What 3 vital signs should be monitored before administering and periodically during therapy?
-
blood pressure
pulse
respirations - Monitor _____ biweekly and inform hcp of significant loss.
- weight
- Monitor ____ periodically in children; inform hcp if growth inhibition occurs.
- height
- May produce false sense of ____ and well-being. Provide frequent rest periods and observe patient for ______ depression after the effects of the medication have worn off.
-
euphoria
rebound - In ADHD cases, assess attention span, impulse control, and interactions with others in children. Therapy may be interrupted at intervals to determine if symptoms are sufficient to warrant continued therapy.
- okay
- Two potential nursing diagnoses?
-
Thought processes, altered
(side effects)
Knowledge deficit, related to
medication regimen - Instruct patient not to alter dose without consulting hcp. These medications have high dependence and abuse potential. Abrupt cessation with high doses may cause extreme ____ and mental depression.
- fatigue
- Advise patient to avoid intake of large amounts of _____.
- caffeine
- Medication may impair judgment. Caution patient to avoid driving or other activities requiring judgment until response to medication known.
- okay
- Inform patient that periodic ____ from the drug may be used to assess progress and decrease dependence.
- holidays
- Two clinical response indicated by?
-
decreased frequency of
narcoleptic episodes
improved attention span and
social interactions