Counseling Theory (NCC)
Terms
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REBT
What and who? -
Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy
Developed by: Dr. Albert Ellis in 1955
Spawned other Cognitive Behavioral Therapies -
REBT
Four Key Ideas -
Responsible for your actions.
Dysfunctional behaviors product of irrational thinking.
Can learn more realistic views
Deeper acceptance of self w/ a reality-based perspective. -
REBT
Two Types of Problems -
Practical Problems
Emotional Problems -
REBT
Four Steps -
1. Take responsibility for your distress
2. Identify your musts
3. Disbute your musts
4. Reinforce your preferences -
REBT
4 "musts" -
Demands on:
1. self (anxiety, depression, victimization)
2. others (resentment, hostility, violence)
3. situation (hopelessness, procrasitnation, addictions) -
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Eight categories -
Extroversion Introversion
Sensing iNtuition
Thinking Feeling
Judging Perceiving -
Life Stage Model
Who and When -
Super
1990 -
Life Stage Model
Five Stages - Growth, Exploration, Establishment, Maintenance, and Disengagement
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Archway Model
Who and When? -
Super
1990 -
Archway Model
Parts of the Archway -
Doorstep = history/biography
Columns = society, psychological
Archway = Career -
Holland
6 Types -
Realistic
Investigative
Artistic
Social
Enterprising
Conventional -
Holland
Social - The S type usually has social skills, is interested in human relationships, and likes to help others with problems.
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Holland
Realistic - The R type usually has mechanical and athletic abilities, enjoys working outdoors, and likes to work with tools and machines
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Holland
Investigative - The I type usually has mathematical and scientific abilities, enjoys working alone, enjoys research, and likes to solve problems.
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Holland
Artistic - The A type usually has artistic skills, enjoys creating original work, and has a good imagination.
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Holland
Enterprising - The E type usually has leadership and speaking abilities, is interested in economics and politics, and likes to be influential.
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Holland
Conventional - The C type enjoys working with words and numbers.C type conforming, practical, careful, etc.
- Ginzberg Theory
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fantasy stage: 10-12
tentative period: 12-17
realistic period:17-20
reduce options and make compromise. -
Trait-Factor Theory
Who and When - Frank Parsons 1909
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Trait-Factor Theory
What - Match your skills (traits) to the demands (factors) or a profession to make a good career choice.
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Johari's Window
4 Windows -
picture -
Defense Mechanisms:
Denial -
You completely reject the thought or feeling.
"I'm not angry with him!" -
Defense Mechanisms:
Suppression -
You are vaguely aware of the thought or feeling, but try to hide it.
"I'm going to try to be nice to him." -
Defense Mechanisms:
Reaction Formation -
You turn the feeling into its opposite.
"I think he's really great!" -
Defense Mechanisms:
Projection -
You think someone else has your thought or feeling.
"That professor hates me." - Defense Mechanisms: Displacement
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You redirect your feelings to another target..
"I hate that secretary." -
Defense Mechanisms:
Rationalization -
You come up with various explanations to justify the situation (while denying your feelings).
"He's so critical because he's trying to help us do our best." -
Defense Mechanisms:
Intellectualization -
A type of rationalization, only more intellectualized.
"This situation reminds me of how Nietzsche said that anger is ontological despair." -
Defense Mechanisms:
Undoing -
You try to reverse or undo your feeling by DOING something that indicates the opposite feeling.
"I think I'll give that professor an apple." -
Defense Mechanisms:
Isolation of affect -
You "think" the feeling but don't really feel it.
"I guess I'm angry with him, sort of." -
Defense Mechanisms:
Regression -
You revert to an immature behavior to ventilate your feeling.
"Let's shoot spitballs at people!" - Sublimation
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You redirect the feeling into a productive activity.
"I'm going to write a poem about anger."