Components external to the cell wall
Terms
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- Core Polysaccharide
-
-ketodeoxy octaneoic acid
-hexoses
-pentoses
(Provide Charge) - '0' side chains
-
Branched polymer of sugars
-hexoses;pentoses;heptoses
(provide charge) - Lipopolysaccharide
-
Lipo-->lipid a(modified NAG w/fatty acids)
saccharide-->various
highly antigenic - Porins
- provide a water channel for movements of solutes(sugars, amino acids)into the cell. usually have size excusion limit of about 600-700 daltons.
- functions of the outer membrane
-
1)transport(via porins)
2)charged surface(net -)repel antibodies
3)protects against host immune system. - pilli
-
made up of protein
1)fimriae-solid, attachment
2)Pili-hollow, conjugation, transport of DNA. - Flagellum
-
proteinacreous
hollow
anchored by basal bodies in the c.m
motor proteins assoiciated with basal bodies that provide rotational capability to the flagellum. - run
- rotates in counter clockwise direction forward movement
- tumble
- rotation in a clockwise direction. involved in sensing.
- bacteria and an attractant
- while bacteria can not tell concentration difference across the length of the cell they can tell the difference btw two points
- Capsule
-
only make them when they need to.
polymers of sugars-glycocalyx-100x larger then the cell.
protection from immune cells and anitbiotics - Drawbacks of capsule
- nutrient diffusion to the surface reduced.
- Endospore
-
Bacterial endospores are highly resilient to heat, UV light and desiccation.
Have Cacium dipicolnic acid-protecting cytoplasmic contents of the spore. - Basic spore structure
- Exosporin(sugar polymer)->spore coat(protein)-> Cortex/cell wall(peptidoglycan)-> Ribosomes, proteins, chemicals-> Nuclear material(DNA)
- Sporulation is dependent on
- "Quorum Sensing"(chemical sensing)-like adrenalin rush