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Glossary of Common UNIX Commands

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;
separates commands entered on the same command line (from: System Administrator 9.4 Advanced Administrator 5.6a.out standard executable created in C).
accept
administrator undoes reject
acctcom
daily accounting report
archie
searches the world's ftp servers for files
argc
argument count
argv
argument vector
array
data structure that groups variables together.
at
execute a command or shell script at a specific time
atexit
closes files and flushes streams.
atoi
ascii to integer coversion.
auto
a storage class specifier.
backup
complete backup/restore suite
base install
setting initial date and so on
batch
executes one or several commands as soon as the system load permits
bg
runs a stopped job in the background
biod
restarting NFS buffers daemon
bitwise
logical operator bit-level operator.
bkexcept
establish what you don't want backed up
bkhistory
reports from a history log about backups
bkreg
register backups
calendar
friendly reminder service for user
cancel
removes the print request from the queue
cat
concatenates and prints files
cc
invokes the C language compiler.
cd
changes to the directory provided as an argument
char
standard C character type
character constants
used to denote a specifice character
chargefee
charge users accounting fees
chmod
changes the file access permission
chown
changes file ownership chroot
chroot
change root
clear
clear the terminal screen
close
close a file opened for binary I/O
clri
clears i-node
continue
causes the next iteration of the loop;
control construct
specifies and alters program flow.
cp
makes a copy of a file
cpio
copy in copy out data
creat
creates a file.
cron
automatically runs cron files in crop directory
crontab file
a file containing lists of commands which automatically execute at specific times and dates
csh
the C shell
cu
call up another UNIX system
cut
allows you to cut out specific sections of a file
date
displays and sets system's date and time
dd
Convert and Copy files duplicate disk images
devnm
find disk device associated with file. Also used with setmnt to create mount entry
df
amount of free disk space
diff
finds the differences between two files
diff3
compares three text files and reports the differences.
do
while - command construct.
double
a double precsion floating point number.
du
amount of disk space used
ed
line oriented editor enable
enable
printer destination
env
displays or modifies environmental
fclose
closes a stream.
fdisk
most common disk partitioning utility
fg
restarts a stopped process and runs it in the foreground
fgets
records a whold string terminated with a \n character.
file
provides information on the type of a file
find
finds files and directories
finger
find info about a remote user
float
a floating point number.
fmthard
hard disk format
fopen
opens a text file and loads its data as a stream .
for
command construct.
format
formats diskettes or other media
fprintf
writes the diagnostic header.
free
frees memory.
fsck
file system checking
fsdb
file system debugger
ftp
TCP/IP file transfer program
ftpmail
a method for retrieving files via electronic mail gopher searches for information within the Internet
grep
finds specific text patterns in a file
groupadd
add a new group
grpck
check group file consistency
idbuild
build and install new kernel
idconfig
define system configuration
if
else - control construct.
install
install and preserve permissions
int
a standard integer.
jobs
displays information about job status
kill
a command used to send a terminate signal to processes
ln
creates a symbolic link or second name for a file or directory in another file system
login
allows a user to identify oneself to the system
long double
a long double precision floating point number.
long int
a long integer.
lp
Send print requests to the spooling system
lp scheduler
daemon for printing system
lpadmin
add new printer
lpmove
move printe request between queues
lpshut
shut down print spooler
lpstat
gives status report of printer system
ls
lists the contents of specified directories
lseek
moves the read/write file pointer.
lynx
a text-based WWW browser
mail
read mail or send mail to users
mailx
newer utility for sending and reading electronic mail
man
provides access to the on-line manual about Solaris commands and files
mesg
"permits or denies
mkdir
make or create new directory
mosaic
a World wide Web browser mount
mount
mount a remote NFS directory on your local system
my
moves a file from one name to another
newgrp
changing to a new group
news
command to notify user of/display files in /var/news nfs daemons checking to see if they are alive
nice
run a command at low priority
nl
prints a file with each line numbered
nohup
runs a process immune to hangup or quit signals
nroff
interprets elaborate formatting instructions
open
opens a disk file for binary I/O.
paste
combines files with various column arrangements
pg
displays the contents of a text file on the terminal one page at a time.
pine
a MIME compatible mailer
ping
see if the net is working.
pkgadd
installing an optional package
pmadm
port monitor administration
Pnews
posts a netnews article
pr
formats and prints the contents of a file
prdaily
print daily accounting reports
ps
displays information about process status
pwck
check password file consistency
pwd
print a full pathname of the current directory
rcp
copy files between systems in a network
read
reads a specified number of bytes from a file.
register variable
uses cpu registe values.
reject
administrator takes down printer
relational operators
compare variable values.
renice
lower the priority of a process
restore
restore a backup format backup
return
returns control to the calling function.
rlogin
remote login over TCP/IP network
rm
removes a file from the current working directory
rmdir
removes (deletes) directories
rn
a common USENET news reader found on most Solaris systems
rsh
used to remotely execute commands
rsoper
issue request for the backup/restore operator
rwho
remote who
sac
service access controller
scanf
reads characters from standar input.
scsiformat
SCSI disk format
sdiff
compare two files and print differences side by side.
sed
non-interactive stream editor
set
explicitly forces values into positional parameters
setmnt
create mount entry
share
shares NFS resources
short int
a short integer.
shutdown
shuts down the system
srntp
simple mail transfer protocol
sort
allows files to be sorted in various ordering methods
special characters
characters that must be preceded by \ (backslash).
spell
checks a file for spelling errors
static variable
retains valid value while program runs.
stty
setting terminal characteristics
sttydefs
defines tty entry
su
switch user
switch
control construct.
sync
flush ALL file buffers
sysadm
system administration interface
sysadrn backup_services
perform backups and restores
sysadm datetime
set system date
sysadm ports
configuring a modem
sysadm software
installing NFS software
talk
allows interactive communication between two users
tar
archives and/or backs up data into a file on a specified device
tctl
tape management utility
tee
duplicates standard input to the standard output and to a file.
telnet
remote login over TCP/IP network
ttyadm
used to configure ports
ttymon
tty port monitor
umask
sets default file permissions mask for user
umount
unmount a NFS/RFS mounted resource
unary operators
act on one variable.
uniq
deletes identical adjacent lines from a sorted file
unlink
break links made by ln
userdel
delete a user
usermod
change shell of user
uucico
UUCP transfer shell
uucp
UNIX to UNIX copy
uuname
who do you talk to?
uupick
retrieves files sent via uuto or uucp.
uuto
sends a file to another user on your network
uux
example - network printing
var/uucp/.Admin
directory contains UUCP statistics
var/uucp/.Log
directory contains log of UUCP transactions
vi
starts visual interface editor
void
a double precision floating point number.
WC
"counts numbers of lines
while
command construct.
who
displays who is currently logged on to the system
whodo
report who is doing what
write
allows interactive communication between two users on the same system
xfd
displays various available mouse pointers
xlock
an X command for locking the screen and starting a screensaver
xlsfonts
displays names of available fonts
xrdb
read the .Xdefaults file and sets the basic properties for OpenWindows
xset
command for customizing users X window environment
xsetroot
sets the look of the X Workspace background

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