Chem Honors Chapter 1
Terms
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- Chemistry
- The science that deals w/ the materials of the universe and the changes that these materials undergo
- Matter
- Anything taking up space and having mass
- Solid
- Rigid and has fixed vol and shape
- Liquid
- Definite volume but no definite shape
- Gas
- No definite volume or shape
- Extensive
- It depends upon amt of matter present (mass)
- Intensive
- Does not depend on matter that is present (boiling point)
- Physical Property
- A characteristic that can be obsierved without changing the identity of the substance.
- Physical Change
- A change in the substance that does not involve the change in the identity of the substance
- Chemical Property
- A substance's ability to undergo changes that will transform it into a new substance
- Chemical change
- A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances
- mixture
- Variable composition
- Homogeneous Mixtures
- Same throughout (solution)
- Heterogeneous Mixtures
- Contains regions that have different properties from those of other regions
- Pure substance
- Always has the same composition
- E lements
- Cann not be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical or phhysical means Ex. Carbon
- Compounds
- A cmpound can be broken down into elements by chemical means (water, ozone)
- 5 physical, 5 Chemical Examples
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Physical: Breaking, Bending, cutting, boiling, freezing
Chemical: Egg, Burning, Digesting, Rusting, tarnishing? - Organic
- Carbon-Containing
- Inorganic
- Non organic compounds, not carbon containing
- Physical
- Properties, changes, and relationships between energy and matter
- Analytical
- Identification of components and composition of materials
- Biochem
- the study of substances and processes occuring in living things
- Theoretical chem
- Use of mathematics and comps to design and predict properties of new compounds
- Basic Research
- Used for obtaining info, obtaining the properties of teflon
- Applied Research
- Used for solving a specific problem, new compounds to replace refrigerants in the ozone
- Technological development
- Used for creating new products, , computers
- Chemical
- Any substance that has a definite composition
- Volume
- Amount of 3 dimensional space an object occupies
- Mass
- A measure of the amount of matter
- Atom
- The smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element
- Element
- A pure substance made of only 1 kind of attom
- Compound
- A substance made from the atoms of 2 or more elements that are chemically bonded
- Molecule
- smallest unit of an element or compound that retains all of the properties of that element or compound
- Change of sate
- Is the physical change of a substance from one state to another
- Law of conservation of energy
- After using energy, its not destroyed or recreated, it just takes another form
- Difference of mixtures from pure substances
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1. Every sample of a given pure sub has exactly the same characteristic properties
2. Every sample has the exactly the same composition - Order of grades
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Technical, FCC, NF, CP/USP, ACS
Fcc= food chem code
NF=national formulary
CP= chemically pure
USP= US pharmacopoeia
ACS=American Chem society - Hand seperation
- Uses diff sizes to its advantage, uses one's hand to take apart
- Filtration
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Uses filter paper, residue= stuff left in funnel
filtrate=smaller particles - Seperating funnel
- uses ;solubility' need 2 non mixing liquids, open bottom, let out, discard middle, etc
- distillation
- different boiling points, heat to vapor, go in tube, condense,
- Centrifuge
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uses mass and centrifugal foce
spins, take solvent that dissolves b, thake, take out - chroma tography
- used to seperate inks