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Glossary of Chapter 6: Running Water and Ground Water Questions

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Name the five processes involved in the water cycle.
-Precipitation
-Evaporation
-Infiltration
-Runoff
-Transpiration
What does balancing in the water cycle mean?
It means the average annual precipitation over Earth equals the amount of water that evaporates.
The ability of a stream to erode and transort materials depends largely on what?
Velocity
What is one change from upstream to downstream?
While the gradient decreases between a stream's headquarters and mouth, discharge increases.
Name three factors that increase downstream.
-Velocity
-Discharge
-Channel Size
Name two factors that decrease downstream.
-Gradient, or Slope
-Channel Roughness
What is a feature of Karst Topography?
Sinkholes
What shape are most younger streams? What are some characteristics?
Narrow v-shape valleys include rapids and waterfalls. Stream is just starting to cut through.
What do wide valleys signify?
A stream near base level.
Name three features of a wide valley.
-Meanders
-Cutoffs
-Oxbow Lakes
Name some methods used to control floods.
-Artificial levees
-Flood control dams
-Placing limits on floodplain developement
How are hotsprings heated?
They are heated by the cooling of igneous rocks.
Define artesian well.
A well in which groundwater rises on its own pressure.
What are some environmental problems associated with groundwater?
-Overuse
-Contamination
What is a cavern?
A cavern is a naturallt formed underground chamber formed in the zone of aeration.
-Stalactites: hanging from the ceiling
-Stalagmites: growing upward from the floor

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