Glossary of Chapter 10: The Restless Ocean
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- Features of Submergent Coastlines
- 1. Estuaries
2. Embayments
3. Barrier Islands
4. Spits
- Features of Emergent Coastlines
- 1. Sea arches
2. Sea stacks
3. Wave-cut terraces
4. Sea Cliffs
- Baymouth Bar
- Narrow ridge of sand taht stretches completely across the mouth of a bay
- Spits
- Narrow Strip of land that juts into the sea
- Tombolo
- long, thin sandy connection between the island and the shore
- Long Shore current
- Produced within the surf zone that flow parallel to the shore and transport more sediment than beach drift
- Beach Drift
- The uprush and backwash of water from each breaking wave moves the sediment in a zigzag pattern along the beach
- Factors that Govern the Size of Waves
- 1. Wind velocity
2. Wind duration(Length of time the wind has blown)
3. Fetch (Distance wind has traveled across open water)
- Wave Base
- Depth to which water is affected by wind
- Wave length
- Vibration transmitted from particle to particle through a body or elastic meduim, as in the transmission of sound
- Wave Height
- Measurement of trough to the Crest
- Trough
- Lowest point in a wave
- Crest
- Highest point in a wave
- NADW(NORTH ATLANTIC DEEP WATER)
- Flow South, are cold dense enough to be the deepest waters in the very northern Atlantic
Distributes heat throughout oceans
- AABW(ANTARTIC BOTTOM WATER)
- Flows North, Forms immediately adjacent to the Antartic continent during the winter freeze which extracts freshwater out of the ocean as ice and leaves behind very cold salty brine that is the densest water in the Atlantic Ocean
- Thermohaline Circulation
- Internal circulation of the oceans driven by Gravity acting upon density differences(Caused by temperature and Salinity) in the water
- Peruvian Current(Humboldt Current)
- Cold Ocean Current, that flows northward off the coast of South America
- Currents that make up the North Atlantic Gyre
- 1. North Pacific
2. South Pacific
3. North Atlantic
4. South Atlantic
5. Indian Ocean
- Neap tides
- Lowest daily tidal range occurs during the first and third quarters of the moon
- Spring tides
- Highest daily tidal range occurs during a full moon and a new moon
- Tides
- Daily changes in the elevation of the ocean surface
- Emergent Coasts
- Develop either becasue an area experiences uplift or as a result of a drop in sea level
- Submergent Coasts
- are created when sea level rises or the land adjacent to the sea subsides
- Groin
- barrier built at a right angle to the beach to trap sand that is moving parallel to the shore
- Sea Walls
- designed to armor the coast and defend property from the force of breaking waves
- Wave Refraction
- Bending of waves
- Abrasion
- sawing and grinding action of the water armed with rock fragments
- Coriolis effect
- Earth's rotation, currents are deflected to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern hemisphere
- Gyres
- Large whirls of water within an ocean basin
- Ocean Currents
- masses of ocean water that flow from one place to another
- Ocean Currents
- masses of ocean water that flow from one place to another
