Ch. 3 Anatomy quiz
Terms
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- What are the three principal parts of the cell?
-
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Plasa Membrane - What is the term for programmed cell death?
- Aptoptosis
- What is the term for cell death resulting for tissue injury?
- Necrosis
- The fluid portion of the cytoplasm is the?
- cytosol
- What are the 3 causes of cellular aging?
-
Free radicals formation
Cross-link formation between glucose & proteins
Shortening and loss of protective telomeres on chromosomes -
T/F
Duplicated chromosomes held together by centromeres are called chromatids. - True
- The sodium pump is an example of promary active transport?
- True
- The basic structural unit of the plasma membrane is the?
- Lipid bilayer
- Integral proteins can function in the cell membrane in all the following ways
-
Channel
Transporter
Teceptor
Cell-identity marker - Integral proteins can function in the cell membrane as an exocytosis vesicle. T/F
- False
- What 5 factors influence the diffusion rate of substances through a plasma membrane?
-
Concentration gradient
Diffusion distance
Surface area
Size of diffusions substance
Temperature - A cell would lose water volume and shrink if placed in a hypertonic solution. T/F
- True
- Define Hypertonic
- Solution that causes cells to shrink due to loss of water by osmosis
-
T/F
Nucleoli within the nucleus are the sites of ribosome synthesis - True
-
T?F
Most of the cell's hereditary units, called genes, are located within the nucleus - True
- In nondividing cells, DNA is found in the nucleus in the form of chromatin
- True
- Define Mitosis
- Somatic cell division resulting in identical daughter cells
- Define Meiosis
- Reproductive cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes by half
- Define Prophase
- Stage when chromatin fibers condense and shorten to form chromosomes
- Define Metaphase
- Stage when centromeres of chromatid pairs line up at the center of the mitotic spindle
- Define Anaphase
- Stage when centromeres split and sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell
- Define Telophase
- Stage when chromosomes uncoil and revert to chromatin
- Define Cytokinesis
- Cytoplasmic division
- Define Interphase
- Stage of cell division when replication of DNA occurs
- Define Codon
- A transcribed sequence of three RNA nucleotides
- Define RNA polymerase
- enzyme that catalizes transcription of DNA
- Define Intron
- DNA region that does not code for synthesis of a part of a protein
- Define Exon
- DNA region that codes for synthesis of a part of a protein
- Define Transcription
- The copying of the DNA message onto messenger RNA
- Define translation
- Reading of messenger RNA for protein synthesis
- Define messenger RNA
- Directs synthesis of a protein
- Define Transfer RNA
- Binds to amino acids and holds them in place on a ribosome to be incorporated into a protein
- Define Ribosomal RNA
- Joins with ribosomal proteins to make ribosomes
- Define snRNP
- Enzyme that removes all introns and joins remaining exons
- Define Promotor
- Nucleotide sequence, located near the beginning of a gene, that indicates where transcription begins; RNA polymerase attachment site
- Define Terminator
- Nucleotide sequence near the end of a gene that indicates where transcription ends; releases RNA polymerase