Cerebral Palsy (CP)
Terms
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- What is CP?
- Damage/lesion to 1 or more parts of the CNS
- Is CP progressive?
- No, but it is permanent
- When does CP occur?
- prenatal, perinatal or postnatal
- What happens in prenatal that can cause CP?
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genetic abnomalities
maternal health factors: stress, malnutrition, drugs, hypertension - What happens in perinatal that can cause CP?
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complications from prematurity: resp cardiovasc problems
Multiple births
Premature detachment of the placenta - What happens in postnatal that can cause CP?
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Infection of the child: (meningitis, encephalitis)
Alcohol/drug intoxication while breast feeding
Malnutrition
Trauma
Anoxia - What is posture?
- alignment of the body's parts in relation to each other and the environment
- What aids in maintaining posture?
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Righting reactions
Equilibrium reactions - What is balance reaction?
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Righting reactions and
Equilibrium reactions working together. - What if a person can't use balance reaction to correct their posture quickly?
- Then protective extension reaction kicks in to protect fall.
- How does postural stability (ability to right and balance posture)develop?
- It develops through experimentation and experiences in a variety of combination of positions such as prone, supine, sitting, kneeling, standing.
- What is MS tone?
- state of continuous mild contraction in the MS
- What determines MS tone?
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gravity: Must be able to move through it
emotions and mental state: level of alterness, fatigue & excitement - What are common motor development problems in CP?
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-Abnormal MS tone
-Primitive Reflex
-Poor Bal Reactions
-Body awareness/body scheme due to inaccurate sensory info
-Joint hypermobility
-MS weakness
-Decreased exploration - What are the classification CP?
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Lesion in the MOtor Cortex
Lesion in the Basal Ganglia - What does MOTOR CORTEX lesions cause?
- Spasticity (hypertonicity): during, middle or end of mvmnt excessive ms tone builds up and then rapidly releases
- What does BASAL GANGLIA lesions cause?
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ATHETOSIS: fluctuating tone (rapid shifts from normal or hypertonic to low or hypotonic) Mvmts are unsteady; person appears to be swiping or writhing
ATAXIA: Less common and shifts are at lesser degree. MOre control but appear clumsy - What is CP distribution?
- the body parts that are the most affected by the movement control problems
- What are the distributions?
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Quadiplegia: all 4 extremities
Diplegia: lower half
hemiplegia: one side of body - What deformaties can arise from poor posture?
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MS contractures
Bone deformities
Joint dislocation/misalignment - What health problems/impairments can arise from body part deformities?
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arthrities
skin breakdown (unable to move)
cardiac and resp functions (fatigue results thus, further decrease in activity)