Cardiac Terminology
Terms
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- ACROCYANOSIS
- Bluish tinge (cyano) to the tips (acro) of the extremities
- ANGINA PECTORIS
- Strangling (angina) pain in the chest area (pectus)
- ANGIOGRAM
- X-ray procedure done to blood vessels (angio) involving the injection of a radiopaque substance into the selected bolood vessel
- APICAL RATE
- Pulse rate at the apex(apical, variation of apex) of the heart
- ARRHYTHMIA
- Condition (ia) in which the normal rhythm(rhythm) of the heart is absent (a)
- ARTERIOGRAPHY
- X-ray films (graphy) taken of the arteries (arterio)
- ATRIAL FLUTTER
- Rapid contraction (flutter) of the atria of the heart
- AUSCULTATION
- Process of listening (auscul) for heart sounds
- BLOOD PRESSURE (BP)
- Pressure of the blood against the inner walls of the blood vessels. The blood pressure is recorded in two numbers. The top number indicates the pressure during contraction of the heart (systole). The bottom onde indicates the pressure during relaxation(diastole).
- BRADYCARDIA
- Condition in which the heart rate (cardia) is slower (brady) than normal
- BRUISE
- Discoloration of the skin that results from breaking (bruise) superficial blood vessels with the release of blood in the tissue
- BRUIT
- Abnormal heart sound heard by listening with a stethoscope
- CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION
- Passage of a catheter, a tube for injecting or removing fluid, into the heart for the purpose of obtaining blood samples directly from the heart and taking pressure readings in the heart. This is done to determine abnormalities in cardiac circulation
- CARDIAC OUTPUT
- Amount of blood pumped (output) by the heart (cardiac) each minute
- CARDIOMEGALY
- Condition in which the heart (cardio) is enlarged (megaly)
- CLAUDICATION
- Lameness or limping (claudication) that results from a decrease in the blood supply in the legs
- ECCYMOSIS
- Condition (osis) in which there is an outpouring of fluid (chym) that is blood under the skin resulting in a purple spot
- ECHOCARDIOGRAM
- Use of sound to produce a picture (gram) of the sound waves (echo) from the different parts of the heart (cardio)
- ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (EKG or ECG)
- Record (gram) of the electrical (electro)activity of the heart (cardio)
- EDEMA
- Condition in which there is swelling (edema) of parts of the body from an accumulation of fluid outside the blood vessels
- EXTRASYSTOLE
- The heart contracts (systole) more often (extra) than it should: the heart does not get an oppurtunity to relax before the next contraction starts. Sometimes referred to as premature contraction of the heart
- FIBRILLATION
- Action (tion) of uncontrolled twitching fo the fibers (fibrill) of the heart muscles. May be atrial fibrillation, in which the atria twitch, or ventricular fibrillation, in which the ventricles twitch
- MURMUR
- Sound heard thru a stethoscope produced by abnormal opening and closing of the valves in the heart or by abnormal flow of blood thru the heart. Murmurs are not always considered to be abnormal
- PALPITATION
- Awareness of an abnormally strong or abnormally rapid beating of the heart
- PLETHYSMOGRAPHY
- Test done to measure and record (graphy) variations in size (plethysmo) of blood vessels or extremities because of variations in the amount of blood passing thru a blood vessel or contained in a part
- PULSE PRESSURE
- Pressur resulting from subtracting the diastolic pressure from the systolic pressure. EX: systolic pressure of 120 minus diastolic pressure of 80 indicates a pulse pressure of 40
- RADIAL RATE
- Pulse rate at the wrist that can be felt near the end of the radius (radial)
- SPHYGMOMANOMETER
- Instrument for measuring the pressure (manometer) of the blood by measuring the force of the pulse (sphygmo). The device is used for a mesurement of blood pressure, also known as a blood pressure cuff
- STETHOSCOPE
- Instrument used to "view" (scope), or hear, the sounds produced in the chest (stetho)
- TACHYCARDIA
- Condition in which the heart (cardia) beats faster (tachy) than normal
- THRILL
- Fine vibration felt by the hand on the chest surface, resulting from a loud murmur
- VASODILATION
- Dilation, or widening of deamteter of blood vessels (vaso)
- VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY
- Increase (hyper) in size (trophy) of the ventricle or the ventricles of the heart
- ANEURYSM
- Dilation or widening (eury) of blood vessel caused by a weakness in the wall of the blood vessel.
- AAA
-
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Weakening in the walls of the abdominal aorta - ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
- Disease (osis) characterized by hardening (scler) of the walls of arteries (arterio).
-
ATERIOSCLEROTIC HEART DISEASE
(ASHD) - Disease state of the heart in which the arteries (arterio) have become hardened (sclerotic)
- ARTERITIS
- Inflammation (itis) of an artery (arter)
- ATHEROSLEROSIS
- Form of arteriosclerosis in which fatty substances (athero) deposit in and between the layers of the lining of ther arteries
- AVASCULAR NECROSIS
- Condition in which there is deathe of tissue (necrosis) because of the lack (a) of blood supply thru the blood vessles (vascular)
- BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS
- Inflammation (itis) of the inside (endo) lining of the heart (card) caused by bacteria
- CARDIOMYOPATHY
- Disease (pathy) of the heart (cardio) muscle (myo)
- CIRCULATORY COLLAPSE
- Sudden failure (collapse) of the circulatory system and respiratory system resulting in a profound degree of shock
- CONGENITAL HEART DEFECT
- Heart defect that a child is born (genital) with (con)
- CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
- Condition in which the heart fails to pump blood adequately and there is resultant congestion or backup of blood
- COR PULMONALE
- Form of heart (cor) disease resulting from disease in the lungs (pulmonale)
- CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (CAD)
- Disease of the arteries involved in coronary circulation, which supplies blood to the heart itself
- CORONARY OCCLUSION
- Obstruction (occlusion) in the circulation oto the heart
- EMBOLUS
- Ball (bollus) of clotted blood and possibly other substances that is carried within (em)the bloodstream
- HEART ATTACK
- Sudden seizure (attach) of pain and inability of the heart to function because an interference in the coronary circulation
- HEART BLOCK
- Normal path of the electrical conduction thru the heart is blocked, preventing a nomral contraction of the heart
- HEMANGIOMA
- Tumor(oma) consisting of blood (hem) vessels (angi). Also called angioma
- HEMATOMA
- Collection of blood in surrounding tissues
- HEMORRHOID
- Dilated vein filled with blood (hemo) in the area of the anal sphincter
- HYPERTENSION
- Elevated (hyper) of the blood pressure (tension) above normal limits. High blood pressure
- HYPOTENSION
- Condition of low (hypo) blood pressure (tension)
- MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
- Necrosis or death (infarct) of a portion of the heart (cardial) muscle (myo)
- MYOCARDIAL INSUFFICIENCY
- Action of the muscle (myo) of the heart(cardial) is not (in) adequate (sufficient)
- MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA
- Decrease (isch) in the blood (hemia) supply to the muscle (myo) of the heart (cardial)
- PHLEBITIS
- Inflammation (itis) of a vein (phleb)
- PULMONARY STENOSIS
- Condition (osis) in which there is constriction or narrowing (sten) of the main blood vessel to the lungs (pulmonary)
- RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE
- Damage to the heart and scarring of the heart valves resulting from rheumatic fever
- SHOCK
- Collapse of circulatory function
- ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK
- Reaction from a severe allergy. The shock occurs because the person is not (ana) protected (phylactic) from a particular protein substance
- CARDIOGENIC SHOCK
- Shock that is produced (genic) from a failure of the cardiac system
- NEURONGENIC SHOCK
- Shock that is produced (genic) from a failure of the nervous system
- HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK
- Shock caused from a decrease (hypo) in the volume (vol) of circulating blood (emic)
- SUBACUTE BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS (SBE)
- A bacterial inflammation (itis) of the inside (endo) of the heart (card). It is below (sub) the acute stage
- CARDIAC TAMPONADE
- Condition in which fluid accumulates in the pericardial sac around the heart muscle. The accumulated fluid builds to a point where the heartbeat is impaired, thus, the flow of blood is blocked (tampon). Also called hemopericardium.
- HEMOPERICARDIUM
- There is blood (hemo) in the sac around the heart (pericardium)
- THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS
- Inflammation (itis) of a blood vessel (angi) that results in the formation of a blood clot (thrombo) that obstructs (obliterans) the flow of blood thru the vessel
- THROMBOPHLEBITIS
- Inflammation (itis) of a vein (phleb) that results in the formation of a blood clot (thrombo)
- THROMBUS
- blood clot(thrombus) attached to the wall inside a blood vessel
- VALVULAR DISEASE
-
Disease of the valves of the heart can be of three types:
Insufficiency, regurgitation, stenosis - VALVULAR INSUFFICIENCY
- Valve does not work efficiently
- VALVULAR REGURGITATION
- Valve does not close completely, allowing some blood to flow (gurgita) back(re)
- VALVULAR STENOSIS
- Condition (osis) in which there is narrowing (sten) of the opening of a valve
- VARICOSE VEINS
- Enlarged, twisted veins, particularly in the lower extremities
- ANGIOPLASTY
- Procedure in which a small catheter with a balloon end is inserted into a blood vessel (angio) to reshape (plasty) the inside of the vessel
- BYPASS SURGERY
- Surgery done on blood vessels for the purpose of installing a graft that will bypass an occluded blood vessel. A graft carries the blood supply around the point of occlusion in a blocked vessel, thereby passing the occlusion
- CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR)
- Act of restoring consciousness (resuscitate) by forcing air into the lungs (pulmonary) and forcing blood from the heart (cardio)
- DEFIBRILLATION
- Stopping (de) the uncontrolled twitching (fibrillation) of the heart through the use of medications or electric shock
- EMBOLECTOMY
- Surgical removal (ectomy) of a blood clot
- ENDARTERECTOMY
- Surgical removal (ectomy) of a thrombus and the abnormally thickened inside (end, combining form of endo) lining of an artery (arter).
- HEART TRANSPLANT
- Procedure in which the heart of one person is put into the body of another person
- INTRAVENOUS THERAPY
- Injection into(intra) a vein (venous) of essential nutrients of drubs for treatment (therapy) of disease
- MITRAL COMMISSUROTOMY
- Surgical cutting (otomy) of the seam (commissure) of the flaps of the mitral valve. An operation for mitral stenosis
- OPEN HEART SURGERY
- Surgical procedure done during which the heart is opened
- PHLEBOTOMY
- Opening (otomy) into a vein (phleb) for the purpose of removing blood
- PACEMAKER IMPLANT
- Implanting of an artifical device that keeps (maker) the rate (pace) of the heart in a desirable range
- PORTACAVAL SHUNT
- Procedure done in which a branch of the portal vein (porta) is sewn to the vena cava (caval). The portal blood is thus diverted (shunt) around the liver
- VALVE REPLACEMENT
- Surgical procedure in which the heart is opened and a valve that is defective is replaced with a new valve
- VENIPUNCTURE
- Puncture of a vein (veni) with a needle, or the insertion of a catheter for diagnostic procedure