CBT Comps
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Pavlov
- Classical conditioning in the early 1900s
- Watson
-
Development of Fear
Little Albert
1920s - Mary Cover Jones
-
Removal of Fear
Little Peter
1920s - Skinner
-
Operant conditioning
1950s - Positive reinforcement
- Likelihood increases that the person will emit a similar response
- Negative reinforcement
- Response to avoid something aversive
- Wolpe
-
1950s
Reduction of anxiety through competing behaviors - Bandura
-
1960s and 1970s
Social learning
Modeling
BoBo - Mischel
-
Observational learning
Modeling - Ellis
-
REBT
Irrational thoughts - Beck
-
1960s
Cognitive therapy - Schemas
- Cognitive structures within the mind; core beliefs; Cognitive schemas are one's core beliefs about self, others, the world, and future
- Core beliefs
- Most fundamental level of belief; rigid; global; develops in childhood and acts as a "lens" of perception
- Intermediate beliefs
-
More available to consciousness; attitudes, rules, or assumptions
If-then statements - Automatic beliefs
- Actual words or images that go through a persons's mind; situation specific; superficial level of cognition
- Depression
- Cognitive schemas about self, world, and future contain themese of exaggerated or persistent loss; negative cognitive triad
- Anxiety
- Cognitive schemas contain themes of exaggerated and persistent danger
- Hypomania
- Cognitive schemas contain themes of exaggerated and persistent gain
- Cognitive distortions
- Evident in automatic thoughts, intermediate thoughts, and core beliefs
- Arbitrary inference
- Jumping to a conclusion in the absence of supporting evidence and even despite evidence to the contrary
- Selective abstraction
- Conceptualizing an entire situation based on taking one detail out of context and ignoring other aspects of the context
- Overgeneralization
- Abstracting a general rule from one or a few isolated incidents and applying it too broadly and to unrelated situations
- Magnification
- Attributing much more importance to something than his warranted; catastrophizing
- Minimization
- Attribuing much less importance to something than is warranted; denial
- Personalization
- Attributing the cause of external events entirely to oneself without evidence supporting a causal connection
- Dichotomous thinking
- Black and white thinking
- Linehan
- DBT; Borderline PD is caused by biological factors and exposure to an invalidating environment; reduce self-injurious behaviors, life threatening behaviors, inference to therapy; increase quality of life
- Behavioral Personality Development
-
Tabula rasa
Sum total and interaction of voluntary and involunatary behaviors - Modeling
- Therapist demonstrates a behavior that the client wants to do; client imitates (Bandura); good for social skills and assertiveness
- Behavioral rehearsal/role play
- Client first practices a voluntary behavior in session and then performs it outside the session; Therapist often provides prompting (suggestions)
- Guided discovery
- Shaping to break behavior into smaller response pieces and progress systematically from simpler to more complex
- Activity scheduling
- Chart daily activities for near future; once the client engages in activities, client will likely experience reinforcement
- Mastery and pleasure rating
- Client rates anticipated pleasure prior to engaging in adaptive behavior and actual pleasure after engaging in it
- Reinforcement of a competing response
- Client engages in an undesired behavior, he stops and engages instead in another behavior he finds reinforcing and makes it impossible for him to engage in the undesirable behavior
- Systematic desensitization
- Develop a stimulus hierarchy; Learn relaxation
- Flooding
- Long sesson and continuously encounter frightening conditioned stimuli
- Cognitive personality development
- Some innate perceptual differences, but mostly environmental
- Daily records of dysfunctional thoughts
- Client identifies an upsetting event, emotion, and strength 1-100, automatic thoughts, cognitive distortions, more realistic thoughts, strength of cognition
- Socratic questioning
- Facilitate new client learning; not leading questions
- Define terms
- Define terms and labels such as "worthlessness", "success"..
- Double standard technique
- Apply own beliefs to someone he loves
- Reattribution
- For personalization, client reduces excessive guilt by identifying factors beside himself that contributed to some occurrence
- Externalization of voices
- Client who has successfully challenged a distorted belief switches role with therapist; Therapist tries to convince client of distorted belief
- Downward arrow technique
- Proceeding with the automatic thought, ask "What does that mean to you?", "What does that mean about you?" to identify intermediate and core beliefs.