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Bones chapter 7

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What are the six functions of bones?
1.Support/structure
2.Protection of some internal organs
3.With SkM allows movement
4.Contain Red Marrow which produces RBC's WBC's & Platelets.
5.contains yellow marrow
6.Store minerals
PARTS OF LONG BONE:
Diaphysis:
Shaft of long bone
Epiphysis:
Expaned end of long bone
Red Marrow
Produces RBC's, WBC's, & Platelets
Articular cartilage
Hyaline cartilage surrounding end of epiphysis
Peiosteum
Fibrouses tissue completly encloses the bone except articular cartilage helps connect ligaments and tendons also helps to for and repair bone.
Medullary Cavity
A hollow chamber which holds Yellow marrow, blood vessels and nerves
What are tendons and ligaments?
1.Connects muscle to bone.Fibrouses Tissue
2.Connection of bone to bone Dense regular CT.
Why do bones have calcium salts and collagen fibers both?
Calcium provides a hardness and collagen fibers provide some flexibility.
What are osteocytes and lacunae?
1.The mature cells of bones and form matrix.
2.The bony chambers which hold osteocytes.
What are osteonic canals?
The middle of the osteon containing blood vessels and nerves.
What are Cannliculi?
Small canals within matrix allow nutrients to diffuse from osteonic canal to lacunae.
What is a osteon?
A cylinder-shaped unit including bone cells that surround a central canal.
What is the Volkmann's canals?
Canals that run perpendicular to osteonic canals and contain Blood vessels and nerves.
What are the structural differences between spongy bone and compact bone?
1.Weaker but lighter in weight
2. Very hard and strong
Where is compact bone found opposed to spongy bone?
Compact bone is found in the diaphysis and spongy bone is found in the epiphysis.
What benefits do spongy bone and compact bone give?
1.Light weight and porouse for holding red marrow.
2. Very strong and durable.
What are processes?
The part of the bone where ligaments and tendons attach
What do most bones develop from?
Cartilage
How do bones lengthen?
An epiphyseal disk seperates epiphysis form diaphysis. the epiphyseal disk cont. to grow out towards ends the cartilage is replaced by bone using osteoclasts and osteoblasts.
How do bones widen?
Osteoblasts under periosteum will deposit new bone.
What is ossification?
When cartilage is replaced by bone.
What are ossification centers and where are they located?
1.Point wherecartilage grows and is replaced by bone.
2.the epiphysis and diaphysis.
Whatis the epiphyseal disk and why is it imoirtant to bone lengthing?
A piece of cartilage at each end of the diaphysis that grow outward and are rteplaced by bone.
what happens to the epiphyseal disk around 20?
Stops growing and goes away.
What are osteoclasts and osteoblasts and their functions?
1.Bone or cartilage destorying cells. Remove cartillage and debris for building bone.
2.Deposits new bone matrix.
How does th medullary cavity form?
Osteoclasts remove bone from the center of the diaphysis.
What does it mean to have homeostasis of bone density?
A Stable and normal bone density.
Why is calcium and other minerals reabsorbed from bone and emptied into the bloodstream?
When blood mineral is low or other cells need more minerals.
Why is excess calcium from the blood deposited in bone?
So you have them later if needed.
What is a joint?
Where two bones come together.
What is a synovial joint and why is it important?
1.Most complex and abundant. provides lots of flexabilty between 2 bones.
SYNOVIAL JOINTS:
Articular cartilage
Reduces friction and acts as shock absorber.
Subchandral plate
Shock absorber
Liagaments
lines inner joint reduces friction shock absorber supplys nutrients to articular cartilage.
Bursae
Fluid filled sack that reduces friction between tendon and bone
Meniscus
fibro cartilage shock absorber between 2 bones.

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