Bones chapter 7
Terms
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- What are the six functions of bones?
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1.Support/structure
2.Protection of some internal organs
3.With SkM allows movement
4.Contain Red Marrow which produces RBC's WBC's & Platelets.
5.contains yellow marrow
6.Store minerals -
PARTS OF LONG BONE:
Diaphysis: - Shaft of long bone
- Epiphysis:
- Expaned end of long bone
- Red Marrow
- Produces RBC's, WBC's, & Platelets
- Articular cartilage
- Hyaline cartilage surrounding end of epiphysis
- Peiosteum
- Fibrouses tissue completly encloses the bone except articular cartilage helps connect ligaments and tendons also helps to for and repair bone.
- Medullary Cavity
- A hollow chamber which holds Yellow marrow, blood vessels and nerves
- What are tendons and ligaments?
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1.Connects muscle to bone.Fibrouses Tissue
2.Connection of bone to bone Dense regular CT. - Why do bones have calcium salts and collagen fibers both?
- Calcium provides a hardness and collagen fibers provide some flexibility.
- What are osteocytes and lacunae?
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1.The mature cells of bones and form matrix.
2.The bony chambers which hold osteocytes. - What are osteonic canals?
- The middle of the osteon containing blood vessels and nerves.
- What are Cannliculi?
- Small canals within matrix allow nutrients to diffuse from osteonic canal to lacunae.
- What is a osteon?
- A cylinder-shaped unit including bone cells that surround a central canal.
- What is the Volkmann's canals?
- Canals that run perpendicular to osteonic canals and contain Blood vessels and nerves.
- What are the structural differences between spongy bone and compact bone?
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1.Weaker but lighter in weight
2. Very hard and strong - Where is compact bone found opposed to spongy bone?
- Compact bone is found in the diaphysis and spongy bone is found in the epiphysis.
- What benefits do spongy bone and compact bone give?
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1.Light weight and porouse for holding red marrow.
2. Very strong and durable. - What are processes?
- The part of the bone where ligaments and tendons attach
- What do most bones develop from?
- Cartilage
- How do bones lengthen?
- An epiphyseal disk seperates epiphysis form diaphysis. the epiphyseal disk cont. to grow out towards ends the cartilage is replaced by bone using osteoclasts and osteoblasts.
- How do bones widen?
- Osteoblasts under periosteum will deposit new bone.
- What is ossification?
- When cartilage is replaced by bone.
- What are ossification centers and where are they located?
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1.Point wherecartilage grows and is replaced by bone.
2.the epiphysis and diaphysis. - Whatis the epiphyseal disk and why is it imoirtant to bone lengthing?
- A piece of cartilage at each end of the diaphysis that grow outward and are rteplaced by bone.
- what happens to the epiphyseal disk around 20?
- Stops growing and goes away.
- What are osteoclasts and osteoblasts and their functions?
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1.Bone or cartilage destorying cells. Remove cartillage and debris for building bone.
2.Deposits new bone matrix. - How does th medullary cavity form?
- Osteoclasts remove bone from the center of the diaphysis.
- What does it mean to have homeostasis of bone density?
- A Stable and normal bone density.
- Why is calcium and other minerals reabsorbed from bone and emptied into the bloodstream?
- When blood mineral is low or other cells need more minerals.
- Why is excess calcium from the blood deposited in bone?
- So you have them later if needed.
- What is a joint?
- Where two bones come together.
- What is a synovial joint and why is it important?
- 1.Most complex and abundant. provides lots of flexabilty between 2 bones.
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SYNOVIAL JOINTS:
Articular cartilage - Reduces friction and acts as shock absorber.
- Subchandral plate
- Shock absorber
- Liagaments
- lines inner joint reduces friction shock absorber supplys nutrients to articular cartilage.
- Bursae
- Fluid filled sack that reduces friction between tendon and bone
- Meniscus
- fibro cartilage shock absorber between 2 bones.