Block IV b.
Terms
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- What are the 4 main functions of the vertebral column?
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1. Enclose & protect spinal cord.
2. Support the trunk.
3. Support the skull.
4. Attachment point for the ribs. - The spine Consist of ____ irregular bones, & is divided into what 5 groups?
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1. Cervical
2. Thoracic
3. Lumbar
4. Sacrum
5. Coccyx - What are the 4 curves of the spine?
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1. Cervical
2. Thoracic
3. Lumbar
4. Pelvic - ____ & ____ curves are convex anteriorly & are lordotic curves.
- Lumbar & Cervical
- ____ & ____ curves are concave anteriorly & are kyphotic curves.
- Thoracic & Pelvic
- ____ & ____ are primary curves.
- Thoracic & Pelvic
- ____ or secondary curves develop after birth.
- Compensatory
- ____ & ____ are secondary or compensatory curves.
- Cervical & Lumbar
- The lumbar developes between ____ & ____ months, child begins to walk.
- 12-18 months
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Cervical Development,
____ to ____ months, child holds up head.
____ to ____ months, Child sits unassisted. -
3-4 months,holds up head
8-9 months, sits unassisted - What type of joints are vertebral bodies?
- Cartilaginous, Symphysis
- Define Kyphosis (____ ____):
-
(Hunch Back)
Increase in anterior concavity - Define Scoliosis:
- Abnormal lateral curvature
- Define Lordosis (____ ____):
-
(Sway Back)
Increase in anterior concavity - Cartilaginous are slightly moveable, & are ____ type joints.
- Symphysis
- Synovial joints are ____ moveable.
- Freely
- What type of joints are sacroiliac (SI) joints?
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Irregular Gliding
(cartilaginous) - What are the 4 synovial (freely moveable) joints associated with the spine?
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1- Atlanto-Occipital
2- Costovertebral
3- Costotransverse
4- Zygapophyseal - Define costovertebral:
- Where the head of the ribs articulate with the vertebral bodies at the facets and demifacets of the thoracic spine.
- Define Zygapophyseal:
- Located between the articulating processes of the vertebral arches.
- Define costotransverse:
- Where the tubercles of the ribs articulate with the transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae.
- What are the 4 A-Typical vertebra?
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1. C1 Atlas
2. C2 Axis
3. Sacrum
4. Coccyx - the ___ portion of the vertebra is composed of cancellous tissue covered by a layer of compact tissue.
- Body
- What are the 12 main parts to typical vertebra?
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one body
two pedicles
two lamina
four articulating process
two transverse process
one spinous process - The ____ & ____ enclose the vertebral foramina.
- Body & Vertebral Arch
- Describe C1 Atlas:
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A-Typical
Ring like structure, no body
Very short spinous process
Anterior & posterior arch, 2 transverse process which are longer than the rest of the C-spine & 2 lateral masses which receive condyles of the occipital bone.